The moment-gradient factor in lateral– torsional buckling of castellated steel beams under mid-span concentrated load

increasing the value of ( ) H / ho anddecreasing the value of ( ) w w t / h .On theother hand, the influence of ( ) 4 w h / b hasnoticed effect on the value of bC especiallyin big opening. The studies extended toinvestigate the non-compact sections tocompare the values of bC in the case ofcompact and non-compact sections withthe predicted design codes. It is found that,the values of b C in short spans have lowervalues than the predicted design codes.Hence, simplified empirical Equationsof bC are proposed for compact and noncompactsection based on the best fit of thevalues of FE

Chitosan Is the Ideal Resource for Plant Disease Management under Sustainable Agriculture

In the spirit of returning to nature and using scientific applications to raise plant efficiency and reduce pathogen risk, scientists began searching for safe, natural alternatives to pesticides that are highly effective and low cost. On top of these alternatives, chitosan came with its biodegradability, biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, and nontoxicity, which granted it dual energetic effects during the host-pathogen interaction. Chitosan promotes plant growth, regulates plant cell homeostasis and metabolic processes, and triggers plant defense mechanisms; on the other hand, it inhibits the ability of pathogens by disrupting pathogen growth and reducing reproduction, wherefore chitosan will become an increasingly prevalent and ideal resource for agricultural sustainability

Cyanobacteria: A Futuristic Effective Tool in Sustainable Agriculture

Cyanobacteria are bioactive photosynthetic prokaryotes that have a superior ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and are highly competitive in the microflora community. They also improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and increase its water-holding capacity. Therefore, cyanobacteria are used as biofertilizers in agriculture. Cyanobacteria are able to promote plant growth by providing nutrients and producing many highly effective chemical compounds, such as enzymes and hormones, in the plant rhizosphere, giving the plant a highly competitive ability. In addition to activating plant defense responses against soil-borne pathogens, they have an effective strategy as a biocide against bacteria, fungi, and nematodes that attack plants. With multiple beneficial biological roles, the environmentally friendly cyanobacteria occupied the role of the maestro in sustainable agriculture

Ethyl 6-amino-5-cyano-4-isopropyl-2-methyl-4H-pyran-3-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C13H18N2O3, the two H atoms of the NH2 group are engaged in hydrogen bonding with the N atom of the cyano group and with one O atom of the ethoxy­carbonyl group, building a chain parallel to the [100] direction. The N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds assemble the mol­ecules around inversion centres, forming dimers with an R 2 2(12) graph-set motif

Synthesis of functionaly substituted pyridine and thiophene derivatives

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