Drying behaviour, effective diffusivity and energy of activation of olive leaves dried by microwave, vacuum and oven drying methods

Drying is the crucial food processing for bioactive components from plant materials before strating extraction in addition to preservation of raw plant materials during storage period. Olive leaves were dried by various methods such as microwave drying (MD), oven drying (OD) and vacuum drying (VD) at several temperature values in the present study. Mathematical models allow to develop, design and control the processes. 14 emprical equations were used to estimate the drying behaviour and the time required for drying. Convenience of the models were evaluated according to the correlation coefficient (R (2) ), varience (S (2) ) and root mean square deviation (D (RMS) ). On the other hand, the effective diffusion coefficient and energy for activation were also calculated. Effects of the drying methods on the total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (TFC) and oleuropein contents and free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) of the olive leaves were also investigated to take into considiration the quality of the dried product. MD has proved to be the fastest drying method having the highest effective diffusivity and the lowest activation energy with a more qualitive product

Cleaner production of micronutrients from sesame seed pressed cake: a comparative study

This work presents the valorisation of a biowaste obtained from sesame oil production by using ultrasound-assisted (UAE) extraction, which is an environmentally friendly method consuming relatively less energy. Sesame seed pressed cake provided from different origins (Sudan, Turkey, and Yemen) was extracted by two solvent systems (ethanol and methanol). The response surface approach (RSA) as a statistical experimental design method has been utilized for the investigation of experimental design, optimization, and process parameter effect through central composite face-centered (CCFC) design of RSA. The optimum conditions for sesame seed pressed cake extraction are as follows: in regard to ethanol (EtOH), amplitude was 38.62% along with 44.68% of EtOH solution for 63.31 min with respect to sesame seed pressed cake of Sudan; regarding Turkish samples, the amplitude was 38.5% along with 54.18% of EtOH solution for 59.72 min, whereas the optimal conditions were found as 39.01% of amplitude, 60.69 min of extraction time, and 56.62% of EtOH solution for the sample from Yemen to obtain the maximum yields of each dependent variable such as total phenolics (TP) and total flavonoids (TF). Concerning methanol (MeOH), amplitude was 36.79% along with 72.73% of MeOH solution for 60.01 min with respect to sesame seed pressed cake of Sudan; regarding Turkish samples, the amplitude was 37.04% along with 71.49% of MeOH solution for 60.08 min, whereas the optimal conditions were found as 37.79% of amplitude, 60.69 min of extraction time, and 79.96% of MeOH solution for the Yemeni samples.

Assessment of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cake as a source of high-added value substances: from waste to health

The risk of exhaustion of natural resources and raw materials have given rise to emerging trends such as recycling of food waste. From the economical and ecological points of view, conversion of biowaste to high added value compounds has been getting great attention among the science and commercial entities. Due to their high-added value phytochemicals, agricultural and food residues have been a great significant to the researchers around the world. This study focuses on the valorisation of cake derived from sesame oil processing. If the very valuable non-nutrient phytochemicals in sesame cake are not evaluated properly, they would be consumed as just animal feed or fertilizers. They might be employed as antiaging (in pharmaceutical products), or free radical scavenger (in dietary supplements), or preservative additive against lipid oxidation (in fat containing food products). This review article aims to present pharmacological and therapeutic effects of sesame cake extract by pointing out its application in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries

Preparation of CeO2 nanofibers derived from Ce-BTC metal-organic frameworks and its application on pesticide adsorption

In this study, CeO2 nanofibers derived from Ce(1,3,5-BTC)(H2O)(6) (Ce-BTC) metal organic frameworks were prepared, and then the affinity of CeO2 towards 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was investigated. After the Ce-BTC nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method, the Ce-BTC was calcinated, and CeO2 nanofibers were obtained. The Ce-BTC and CeO2 were characterized by SEM, XRD, MR and AFM methods, respectively. The adsorption studies of 2,4-D from water with CeO2 were carried out as batch type. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips isotherms were applied to the experimental data. And pseudo second order, intra-particle diffusion and Bangham kinetic models were used for determination of the kinetic mechanism of the adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity for 2,4-D was found to be 86.16, 95.78 and 84.29 mg/g for each temperature (298, 308 and 318 K), respectively. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Removal of carbamazepine using UiO-66 and UiO-66/graphene nanoplatelet composite

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an endocrine disrupting and psychoactive chemical. The application area of this chemical is wide and the presence of CBZ concentration in water is very high. The half life of CBZ is 25 - 65 h. So, purification of water from CBZ is a very important issue. In this study, adsorption method was used for this purpose. UiO-66 (Universitetet i Oslo) is one of the most popular metal organic frameworks. The adsorption ability of UiO-66 is very high. UiO-66 and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)/UiO-66 composites were prepared by hydrothermal method. Then, XRD, FTIR, SEM, surface area and particle size distribution methods were applied for characterization of nanoparticles. The prepared adsorbents were used for CBZ adsorption. Some adsorption parameters were tested. These parameters are amount of adsorbent, volume of adsorbate, pH of solution, contact time of solid and liquid phase and initial CBZ concentration. Pseudo first order kinetic model and pseudo second order kinetic model were applied to contact time data. Non-linear Langmuir isotherm and non-linear Freundlich isotherm were applied to initial CBZ concentration experimental data. Also, these isotherm studies were repeated for different temperatures, 20 degrees C, 25 degrees C, 30 degrees C, 40 degrees C and 50 degrees C. According to Langmuir isotherm, maximum CBZ adsorption capacity of UiO-66 nanoparticles were calculated as 16.69 mg/g, and maximum CBZ adsorption capacity of UiO-66/GNP nanoparticles were found as 51.17 mg/g

Optimizing the extraction of polyphenols from Sideritis montana L. using response surface methodology

Sideritis montana L. endemic of Turkey was screened for its polyphenols content and antioxidant activity. Factor analysis and experimental design have been applied to understand the structure of the separation process, to determine the effective parameters, and to accomplish the performance improvement. Face-centred composite design (FCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to evaluate the influences of solvent concentration, solvent amount, extraction time, and stirring speed of homogenizer-assisted extraction (HAE) as well as to model and to optimize the HAE. Quadratic models were highly significant (p < 0.0001) for the responses studied with high coefficients of determination (R-2) of 0.9440, 0.9415 and 0.9521. The result of the study suggests that 15.02 mL of 22.69% EtOH solution (v/v), 70.16 s, and 9524.52 rpm of mixing speed are the optimal conditions to obtain the highest yield of total polyphenols (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC), and the best antioxidant activity (AA). Rosmarinic acid was identified as the most abundant component. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Investigation of extractive interaction between ionic liquids and carbamazepine

Investigation of carbamazepine (CBP) extraction by four solvent systems containing ionic liquids (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate-IL-1 and 1-Butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluoro phosphate-IL-2) as extractant in four diluents (diethyl adipate-DEA, diethyl malonate-DEM, diethyl succinate-DES and dibutyl phthalate-DBP) was performed at ambient temperature. The results were evaluated in terms of extraction yield (%) and distribution coefficient. IL-2 + DEA extractant system had the highest yield of CBP recovery with 88.45%. Regarding IL-1, the best performance was achieved by DEM with 82.03% of CBP recovery. Neutral media with the lowest addition of ionic liquid (20%, v/v) was found to be the optimum conditions to obtain the maximum recovery. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Screening of the most consumed beverages and spices for their bioactive non-nutrient contents

The present research emphasizes on the bioactive non-nutrient components of the frequently consumed food products daily. The most popular beverages (instant, filter and Turkish coffee, green, black, sage, apple, rosehip, linden and fennel tea infusions) and herbal spices (cinnamon thyme, cumin, mint, sweet pepper, chili pepper, sumac, black pepper and clove) were investigated to evaluate the antioxidant capacities of the samples. Amount of total biophenols (TB) and total flavonoids (TF) were measured by Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. CUPRAC (The cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity) assay and DPPH (, -diphenyl--picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging method were applied to determine the antioxidant activity (AA) of the products. Antimicrobial analyses of the samples were also conducted based on in vitro study. Furthermore, the main biophenol of each sample was identified through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The outcome of the present study will be a useful guidance for the researchers looking for the health benefits of these daily consumed food products

Assessment of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cake as a source of high-added value substances: from waste to health

The risk of exhaustion of natural resources and raw materials have given rise to emerging trends such as recycling of food waste. From the economical and ecological points of view, conversion of biowaste to high added value compounds has been getting great attention among the science and commercial entities. Due to their high-added value phytochemicals, agricultural and food residues have been a great significant to the researchers around the world. This study focuses on the valorisation of cake derived from sesame oil processing. If the very valuable non-nutrient phytochemicals in sesame cake are not evaluated properly, they would be consumed as just animal feed or fertilizers. They might be employed as antiaging (in pharmaceutical products), or free radical scavenger (in dietary supplements), or preservative additive against lipid oxidation (in fat containing food products). This review article aims to present pharmacological and therapeutic effects of sesame cake extract by pointing out its application in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries

Valorization of a biomass: phytochemicals in oilseed by-products

A huge amount of residue is released every year in agricultural and food industries. If this waste is valorised properly, it would be very beneficial from both economic and environmental aspects. Recently, seeds of oil crops have been getting great interest due to their waste rich in a great variety of lipophilic and hydrophilic phytochemicals. On the other hand, oilseed processing by-products comprise approximately 35 millions of tons seed for oil in European Union. Therefore, this remarkable amount of residue should be considered as a resource from waste to health. The purpose of the present research is to introduce the types of oilseed by-product and their high added value phytochemicals by summarizing the recent studies on the valorization of different wastes of several oilseed crops. This research also supplies an overview of the oilseed sources with their botanical names, production regions and target phytochemical ingredients. Moreover, further remarks with some certain concerns are discussed