Thrombophilia gene mutations in relation to recurrent miscarriage

Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss is multifactorial involving clinical and biological risk factors. Evidence addressed the association of inherited thrombophilia with recurrent pregnancy loss and other serious pregnancy complications. However, the relation between thrombophilia associated gene mutations and adverse obstetric outcome is controversial and data in the literature are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of thrombophilia associated gene mutations (factor V Leiden, prothrombin gene G20210A and methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR C677T) in relation to recurrent miscarriage.Methods: Case control study conducted on 200 women recruited from Elshatby Maternity Hospital clinics. The cases group included 100 women with history of three or more unexplained consecutive pregnancy losses, while 100 healthy age matched women with no history of recurrent miscarriages served as controls. Blood samples were collected from all women enrolled in the study for DNA extraction and genotype analysis. Factor V, prothrombin and MTHFR gene mutations were assayed based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse-hybridization.Results: The prevalence of Factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene G20210A mutations did not differ significantly between cases and controls. However, MTHFR C667T mutations and the total prevalence of the three gene mutations were significantly increased in the patients group compared to controls (p=0.001, p=0.003 respectively). The prevalence of combined thrombophilia of Factor V Leiden and MTHFR C677T was significantly increased in the patients group compared to controls (p=0.032). Regarding homozygosity of each of the gene mutations, no homozygosity was detected in controls and heterozygotes were significantly increased in the patients group compared to homozygotes.Conclusions: MTHFR mutations and the total prevalence of the three gene mutations were significantly increased in the patients group compared to controls. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of combined thrombophilia (Factor V Leiden and MTHFR C677T) in the patients group compared to controls without involvement of prothrombin gene

ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY IN QARUN LAKE

To assess water quality of Qarun lake, forty-six of  lake water samples were collected during the period from 2014 to 2015.  Value of pH of Qarun lake ranged from 8.22 to 8.32. Value of alkalinity ranged from 9.8 to 33.4 ppm. ECw values ranged from 26.5 to 40.99 dS.m-1. Qarun lake contained the soluble cations in the following order: Na+> Ca2+> Mg2+> K+.  The SAR of the studied water in Qarun lake ranged from 274 to 400with a mean value of 337. The highest value of SAR occurred in season 2015 while the lowest one was in 2014. The hardiness value of Qarun lake ranged from 602 to 1567ppm. The COD values were higher than that of ECP501,2015. they ranged from 1168 to 1293 ppm. Different macro and micronutrients were more than the permissible limits. Water Quality Index (WQI) was applied using ten parameters of water quality (pH, Chloride, Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Iron (Fe), Phosphate (PO4-3), Chromium (Cr), Boron (B), Hardiness, Ammonium and Nitrate ). The results indicated that water quality of Qarun lake decayed from the year 2014 to 2015 and could be categorized into Unsuitable class. The effect of anthropogenic activities was obvious on some parameters such as nitrate and ammonium. Monitoring the water quality of Qaroun lake is necessary for proper management

EFFECT OF ZEOLITE, POTASSIUM HUMATE, BIOCHER AND BIOFERTILIZER ON AMMONIA LOSS FROM CALCAREOUS SOIL

Application of urea to agricultural soil may pollute the air environment due to ammonia (NH3) volatilization. Zeolite, Humate, biocher and biofertilizer may be used to control N losses resulting from urea transformation to NH3. A laboratory soil incubation experiment was conducted to determine the effects of zeolite, K-humate, biocher and biofertilizer on controlling NH3 losses out of applied urea. Calcareous soil sample from El-Nobaria area, Beheira Governorate was treated with different amendments and incubated under laboratory condition for 13 weeks. Results obtained showed that soil treated with urea in the presence of different amendments significantly reduced NH3 release from urea as compared to the control. During the first 80 days of the incubation ammonia losses were highest in control compared to soil treated with the different amendments. Biocher treatment showed the highest effect in reducing ammonia volatilization from calcareous soil. Therefore, treating calcareous soil with biocher and biofertilizer can decrease were losses as ammonia and increase nitrogen availability in soil, and hence reduces air pollution by ammonia

Effect of Rumen-Protected Choline Supplementation on Growth Performance of Fattening Calves

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of choline chloride supplementation on the growth performance of feedlot calves. Thirty-two crossbred calves with a mean initial body weight of 305.71±4.09 Kg were divided into three groups of 10, 11 and 11 animals, randomly. The animals were distributed to one of three dietary treatments, control, choline15 and choline 30 (the rations supplemented with 0, 15 and 30 g choline chloride, respectively). The animals were fed on concentrate feed at a rate of about 2.15% of their live body weight and rice straw open access. Supplementing animal ration with choline chloride did not significantly affect all nutrients' digestibility and feeding value. The animals supplemented with 30 g choline chloride recorded significantly higher (P=0.037) total serum protein concentration compared to the other groups. The group received a ration supplemented with 30 g of choline chloride and recorded significantly higher final weight, total gain, and mean daily gain. Data showed significant improvement in TDN, CP and DCP conversion for the animal received ration supplemented with 30 g choline chloride compared to the control group. In conclusion, supplementing fattening calves' ration with rumen-protected choline could improve average daily gain and feed conversion

Elbordiny, “Response of wheat plants to potassium humate application

Abstract: Seeds of wheat (Tritticum aestivumL C v sakha 68) were soaked in two concentrations 50 and 100 ppm potassium humate for different periods 12, 24 and 36 hours. Potassium humate was prepared from rice straw compost. At the end of the soaking periods, the seeds were examined. The best soaking treatment (100 ppm potassium humate for 24 hours.) was planted in the field with potassium humate alone or after enrichment with N, P and K, as a foliar spray for 4 times in 15 day intervals. Seedling growth was measured by length shoot and root, dry weight of shoot and root and shoot/ root ratio. In the field experiments, weight of grains, straw, 1000 grains as well as concentration of N, P and K in grains and straw of each plot was determined after maturity. The results showed that the highest germination seeds percentage was detected after six days when seeds were soaked in distilled water with different periods of soaking. W hile, more than 90% from seeds germinated after five days with application of 100 ppm potassium humate, particularly when seeds soaked for 24 hours. Germination rate, shoot length, root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight with application of potassium humate at 50 ppm for 24 hours averaged 4.40, 14.2, 23.9 and 22.7 % , respectively as compared that of the same periods of soaking with distilled water. There were significant increases in the uptake of N, P and K as well as carbohydrate and protein contents in grains of treated plants particularly, receiving foliar application at a rate of 40 L.fed . Best effect was achieved with foliar spray application of potassium humate enriched with N, -1 P and K as compared to potassium humate alone. Soaking seeds alone or combined with foliar spray of potassium humate significantly increased both grain and straw yield of wheat plants, as compared to control. The highest increase resulted from soaking seeds and as foliar spray enriched potassium humate at a rate of 40 L.fed , which showed 36.9 and 85.8% over increase the control for grain and straw yields, -1 respectively

Design of trio-colored validated HPLC method for synchronized multianalyte quantitation of four top selling antihyperlipidemic drugs in different fixed-dose combined tablets

The ongoing attempts to attain the sustainable development goals, to save the environment, to embrace the novel paradigm of white analytical chemistry and to focus on the practicality of the technique are non-stoppable. In this consensus, we designed a rapid trio-colored (green, white and blue) analytical methodology for the simultaneous estimation of Ezetimibe (EZT), Atorvastatin (ATV), Rosuvastatin (RSV) and Simvastatin (SMV). The suggested method was HPLC-DAD employing Microsorb MV-C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm particle size). The mobile phase composed of 0.1 % ortho-phosphoric acid and acetonitrile eluted in a gradient mode. Diode array detector was adjusted at 237 and 243 nm. Separation was fulfilled in less than 9 min and the retention times were 3.48, 4.32, 4.73 and 8.74 min for RSV, EZT, ATV and SMV respectively. The 4 drugs were quantitatively measured in the concentration range 1–50 μg/mL. In addition to validation according to the ICH guides, the greenness assessment using the novel AGREE calculator and the holistic overall evaluation applying the RGB-12 model in addition to the practicality check using the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) were performed. The results proved the efficiency and whiteness of the suggested technique to be routinely involved in quality control laboratories for assay of these drugs in their binary mixtures combination pills

Effect of substituting alfalfa hay with graded levels of fennel and basil straws in growing rabbit diets

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of replacing alfalfa hay with graded levels of fennel and basil straws in the diets of growing rabbits aged from 5 to 11 weeks. Eighty-four unsexed, weaned New Zealand white rabbits, aged 5 weeks, were randomly assigned to seven dietary treatments (12 rabbits/treatment): A control diet; three diets the basil hay substituted for 25%, 50% and 75% of alfalfa straw; and three diets the fennel hay replaced 25%, 50% and 75% of alfalfa straw. Results obtained showed that replacement of alfalfa hay with 25 % fennel straw significantly reduced average daily gain compared with the other experimental treatments, while no significant difference was observed among the other experimental treatments during the stage 5-8 week. On the contrary, the animals fed diets contained 25 % fennel straw gave significantly higher average body weight gain compared with the other experimental groups and no significant differences were observed among the other experimental treatments during 8-11 weeks. Regarding body weight gain during the total period from 5 to 11 weeks of age, the result indicates that no significant differences among all treatments were detected. The values of FCR showed no significant differences within all tested groups. Rabbits group fed B50% recorded the highest significant digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, TDN and DCP when compared to all groups. Levels of basil straw and fennel straw in rabbit diets induced an insignificant effect on hemicellulose. There were higher dressing and hot carcass percentages were recorded with rabbits fed B50%. Plasma values of total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol or Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentration were not significantly affected due to adding basil straw and fennel straw to rabbit diets. Replacement alfalfa hay with fennel and basil straw resulted in decrease feed cost. Rabbits fed B25% showed higher economic efficiency percentage compared to the other treatments. The results revealed that using basil straw and fennel straw at 25% in growing NZW rabbit diets had no detrimental effects on productive performance, the physiological and biochemical status and it could be used economically instead of alfalfa hay

Effect of Different Levels of Salinity and Anti-Transpiration on the Growth Characteristics and Chemical Composition of Panicum maximum (Jacq.)

This study aimed to determine the effect of different salinity and anti-transpiration levels on the growth and biochemical composition of Panicum maximum plants (Guinea grass) during the spring and summer of 2020. Two different anti-transpiration treatments [molasses (sugarcane) (5 mL/L), kaolin (50 g/L) and control] and three salinity levels (S1 well water as the control and salinity S2 2000 ppm; S3 4000 ppm, S4 6000 ppm) were used in 12 treatments in 72 pots (3 anti-transpiration treatments × 4 salinity treatments × 6 replicates); a randomized complete design was used. Results revealed that the plants achieved the highest plant height (123.77 cm) and dry weight (521.87 g/m2) with kaolin and no salt addition treatment during summer. A higher percentage of proteins and carbohydrates were found in spring than in summer, but there was no significant difference in the salinity levels. A high percentage of ash and fiber contents was also observed during summer, with no significant differences between the anti-transpiration treatments. It could be concluded that P. maximum, as one of the most important fodder crops, could be cultivated in marginal lands, especially during the summer season

Development of a sustainable multianalyte MEKC method for quantitation of the antihyperlipidemic drugs ezetimibe together with three statins. Greenness and whiteness appraisal studies

Abstract Implementing powerful and sustainable research that complies with green analytical chemistry (GAC) and white analytical chemistry (WAC) fundamentals can downsize the environmental compliance costs and fruitfully affects practical and economic issues. Within this framework, rapid and white analytical micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) methodology was developed for the synchronized estimation of the antihyperlipidemic drugs Ezetimibe (EZE), Atorvastatin (ATO), Rosuvastatin (ROS) and Simvastatin (SIM). The technique was established using fused silica capillary (50 cm, 50 µm id) and the background electrolyte was 0.025 M borate buffer pH 9.2 containing 0.025 M sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 10% v/v acetonitrile as the organic modifier. Diode array detector was adjusted at 243 nm for ATO and ROS and 237 nm for EZE and SIM. Separation was accomplished within 10 min with migration times of 4.12, 5.42, 8.23 and 8.74 min for ROS, ATO, EZE and SIM respectively. The 4 drugs were quantitated in the concentration range of 10–100 μg/mL and the correlation coefficients were not less than 0.9993. The high sensitivity was illustrated by values of the detection and quantitation limits. The limits of detection for ROS, ATO, EZE and SIM were 0.52, 0.75, 0.42 and 0.64 μg/mL, respectively, whereas, the limits of quantitation values were 1.73, 2.50, 1.40 and 2.13 μg/mL for the studied drugs, respectively. In addition to validation, as reported by the ICH guidelines, greenness and whiteness assessment using the novel AGREE calculator and the holistic functionality model RGB12 were performed. The results proved the efficiency and whiteness of the suggested technique to be routinely implemented in quality control laboratories for the assay of the four drugs and the binary mixtures of EZE with either ATO, ROS or SIM in fixed-dose combined tablets

Additional file 1 of Development of a sustainable multianalyte MEKC method for quantitation of the antihyperlipidemic drugs ezetimibe together with three statins. Greenness and whiteness appraisal studies

Additional file 1: Figure S1. MEKC electropherogram of a standard mixture of ROS, ATO, EZE and SIM using 0.05M borate buffer pH 9.2. Figure S2. MEKC electropherogram of a standard mixture of ROS, ATO, EZE and SIM using 0.025M borate buffer pH 9.2 containing 0.025M SDS and 10%methanol. Figure S3. UV spectrum and purity plot for ROS. Figure S4. UV spectrum and purity plot for ATO. Figure S5. UV spectrum and purity plot for SIM. Figure S6. UV spectrum and purity plot for EZE. Figure S7. MEKC electropherogram of a sample solution obtained from Cholerose® tablets containing 20 µg/mL ROS and 20 µg/mL EZE at 243 nm. Figure S8. MEKC electropherogram of a sample solution obtained from Atoreza® tablets containing 40 µg/mL ATO and 40 µg/mL EZE at 243 nm. Figure S9. MEKC electropherogram of a sample solution obtained from Simv-Eze® tablets containing 20 µg/mL SIM and 20 µg/mL EZE at 237 nm. Figure S10. Evaluation outcomes resulted from the RGB12 comparative study for the proposed MEKC method together with the published methods. The white bar indicates the arithmetic mean of the three other bars (red, green and blue). Table S1. Effect of buffer concentration on migration times of the four drugs. Table S2. System suitability parameters for MEKC-DAD analysis of ROS, ATO, EZE and SIM mixture. Table S3. Determination of ROS, ATO, SIM and EZE in laboratory-prepared mixtures using the proposed MEKC method