Enhancing the performance of conventional solar still using the Nano-doped paint (NDP) coating

Nations are throughout the entire globe continuously confronting the problem of potable water shortage. Recently, it has been thought that using solar energy to desalinate brackish water offers a practical answer to the world\u27s water crises. The output of these stills, is meager, and academics haven\u27t done much to boost it in any way. Solar distillers have been proposed as an efficient method to produce potable water. In recent years, saltwater has produced drinking water by various ways. The efficiency of a solar distiller is significantly influenced by various factors, most important factor of them is the absorber surface. In this research, an effort is made to increase the efficiency of a traditional solar distiller by applying a thin coating of Nano-black paint to increase the thermal conductivity of the absorber surface. The absorber significantly affects how effectively the solar still functions. In the experiment described in this article, a layer of Nano-doped black paint (NDBP) was applied on that which absorbs a standard solar still in an effort to improve the device\u27s performance. The results showed that the nanocoating changed the condensation mechanism of all materials from film-wise to droplet-wise.It was also concluded that drip condensation at larger surface inclination angles leads to increased condensate water production.For example, the formation of condensation on the glass surface was increased by the 23rd nanocoating at a surface tilt angle of 50°. Additionally, an additional collector was used to estimate the droplet volume before and after the coating process. Also, The results indicated that, the productivity of the conventional solar still has been increased with about 25-32% when use the nano thermal coated. While the modification in design produces an average 18% improvement in fresh water productivit

A technical survey on using oxyhydrogen with biodiesel/diesel blend for homogeneous charge compression ignition engine

Renewable energy should be used instead of fossil fuels owing to the negative impact of fossil fuels on both humans and the environment, as well as the toxic emissions of carbon dioxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxide. Studies investigated the consideration of using alternative fuel that is renewable, sustainable, and eco-friendly, especially because of the huge demand for energy, the decline, and the environmental initiatives to decrease the usage of petroleum sources. The addition of oxyhydrogen [HHO] to biodiesel and diesel blends can enhance characteristics; however, there is a concern about raising nitrogen oxide levels, which can have negative impacts on human lives and the environment, contributing to the increase of chronic respiratory conditions, acid rain occurrences, and global warming. Hence, it has been proposed that these issues can potentially be resolved by employing a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine fueled by a mixture of oxyhydrogen gas and biodiesel/diesel fuel to reduce nitrogen oxide until it is negligible. Recent research efforts have discussed the combination of oxyhydrogen gas with biodiesel and diesel blends in an HCCI engine. These studies were performed to obtain the characteristics that result in an improvement in the values of performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency [BTE], brake specific fuel consumption [BSFC], exhaust gas temperature [EGT or Texh.], and volumetric efficiency [ηvol.]. Furthermore, combustion parameters that include peak cylinder pressure [PCP], heat release rate [HRR], mean gas temperature [MGT], ignition delay [ID], and combustion duration [CD] were observed. In addition, exhaust emissions parameters such as nitrogen oxide [NOx], carbon monoxide [CO], unburned hydrocarbon [UHC or HC], carbon dioxide [CO2], exhaust oxygen [EO] or oxygen rate [O2], and smoke opacity [soot] were measured

The influence of using HHO with sunflower and soybean oil biodiesel/diesel blend on PCCI engine characteristics

This research studies the influence of various blends of sunflower and soybean oil biodiesel with diesel fuel on premixed charge compression engine characteristics, including performance and exhaust emissions, and also investigates the impact caused by oxyhydrogen gas addition on them. The experiments were carried out on a single cylinder PCCI engine which utilizing eight blends of the fuels. Conventional diesel, B20D80, B40D60, B60D40, B80D20, B40D60 + 5 LPM HHO, B40D60 + 10 LPM HHO, and B40D60 + 15 LPM HHO have been used to obtain performance and exhaust emissions characteristics. The hydrogen peroxide additive has introduced into the engine manifold while the diesel/biodiesel fuel blends have been injected directly into the engine cylinder. The results of the studies showed that adding a 40% biodiesel and 60% diesel blend to oxyhydrogen with flow rates of 15 LPM improved the performance characteristics as well as lower exhaust emissions characteristics when compared to the other seven blends. In contrast, conventional diesel had much higher exhaust emissions parameters

Anatase-cellulose acetate for reinforced desalination membrane with antibacterial properties

Abstract This study aimed to prepare antifouling and highly mechanical strengthening membranes for brackish and underground water desalination. It was designed from cellulose acetate (CA) loaded anatase. Anatase was prepared from tetra-iso-propylorthotitanate and carboxymethyl cellulose. Different concentrations of anatase (0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8)% were loaded onto CA during the inversion phase preparation of the membranes. The prepared membranes were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM & EDX), mechanical properties, swelling ratio, porosity determination, and ion release. The analysis confirmed the formation of anatase on the surface and inside the macro-voids of the membrane. Furthermore, anatase loading improved the CA membrane’s mechanical properties and decreased its swelling and porosity rate. Also, CA-loaded anatase membranes displayed a significant antibacterial potential against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results showed that the salt rejection of the CA/anatase films as-prepared varies considerably with the addition of nanomaterial, rising from 46%:92% with the prepared membranes under the 10-bar operation condition and 5 g/L NaCl input concentration. It can be concluded that the prepared CA-loaded anatase membranes have high mechanical properties that are safe, economical, available, and can stop membrane biofouling

Effects of Virtual Reality Exercises versus Isokinetic Exercises in comparison with Conventional Exercises on the Imaging Findings and Inflammatory Biomarker Changes in Soccer Players with Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP) is the most common musculoskeletal problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of advanced physiotherapeutic exercise programs on imaging findings and inflammatory biomarkers in soccer players with CNLBP. In total, 60 CNLBP participants were divided into virtual reality exercise (VRE; n = 20), isokinetic exercise (IKE; n = 20), and conventional exercise (n = 20) groups. Pain intensity, imaging findings (muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscle thickness), and changes in inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6) were measured at baseline and after four weeks. After four weeks of intervention, there was a significant improvement (p = 0.001) in pain intensity for the VRE vs. IKE (0.7; CI 95% 0.38 to 1.07) and VRE vs. conventional (3.0 CI 95% 2.68 to 3.31) groups. The IKE group showed a greater number of significant changes in muscle CSA and muscle thickness than the other two groups (p < 0.001). Moreover, the VRE group showed significant improvement in inflammatory biomarker measures compared with the other two groups (p < 0.001). In CNLBP, virtual and isokinetic exercises had equal effects on reducing pain intensity. Isokinetic exercise is beneficial in increasing the muscle CSA and thickness, and virtual exercises are helpful for attenuating the inflammation process in soccer players with CNLBP