Utjecaj dodatka sjemenki piskavice na laktacijske performance, hematološke i biokemijske parametre u krvi koza u uvjetima visokih ljetnih temperatura

High ambient temperature is considered as the major constraint on animal production in the tropics and sub-tropics regions. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary fenugreek seeds on lactational performance and blood biochemical, hematological and antioxidant parameters of dairy goats under stressful summer conditions. Forty-two dairy Baladi goats were randomly divided into three equal groups (14 animals in each group). The first (control) group was fed a basal diet without any additives. The second (FG1) and third (FG2) groups were fed the basal diet supplemented daily with 50 g and 100 g fenugreek seeds per animal, respectively. Compared to the control group, Baladi goats in FG1 and FG2 groups had a significantly increased daily milk yield at a rate of 8.2 and 34.2%, respectively (p<0.05). Furthermore, milk protein percentages were increased by daily supplementation with either 50 or 100 g fenugreek seeds (p<0.05), but fat percentage was only decreased in the FG2 group (p<0.01). Serum glucose (p<0.05), triglycerides (p<0.01), cholesterol (p<0.01) and triiodothyronine (p<0.01) were significantly reduced after supplementation of fenugreek seeds in the diet, either FG1 or FG2 groups. Compared to the control group, both fenugreek- supplemented groups had a significantly greater serum globulin and thryoxine level (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). Additionally, both fenugreeks-supplemented groups had a significantly higher total antioxidant capacity (p<0.01) and catalase activity (p<0.01). The current results indicate that supplementation of dietary fenugreek seeds may improve the milk yield, physiological and hematological parameters, and antioxidant capacity of heat-stressed goats.Visoke ambijentalne temperature smatraju se najvećim naporom za životinje u poljoprivredi u tropskim i suptropskim područjima. Stoga je cilj ovog istraživanja bio odrediti utjecaj dodatka sjemenki piskavice u hranidbi mliječnih koza na laktacijske performanse, hematološke i biokemijske parametre pri stresnim ljetnim uvjetima. Četrdeset dvije mliječne koze pasmine Baladi nasumično su podijeljene u tri jednake skupine (14 jedinki u svakoj skupini). Prva (kontrolna) skupina hranjena je osnovnim režimom bez uporabe ikakvih dodataka. Druga (FG1) i treća (FG2) skupina hranjene su režimima koji su bili obogaćeni dodatkom 50 g odnosno 100 g sjemenki po jedinki. U usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom, koze pasmine Baladi u grupama FG1 i FG2 imale su značajno veću sposobnost laktacije koja je iznosila 8,2 odnosno 34,2 % (p<0,05). Osim toga, dodatak 50 ili 100 g sjemenki piskavice (p<0,05) značajno je utjecao na povećanje udjela proteina u mlijeku, dok je udio mliječne masti bio niži u mlijeku koza skupine FG2 (p<0,01). Koncentracije glukoze (p<0,05), triglicerida (p<0,01), kolesterola (p<0,01) i trijodtironina (p<0,01) u krvnom serumu bile su znatno niže nakon dodatka sjemenki piskavice, bez obzira na količinu dodatka. U usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom, obje skupine koza hranjenih dodatkom sjemenki piskavice imale su značajno više koncentracije globulina i tiroksina (p<0,01 i p<0,05) u krvnom serumu. Dodatno, obje skupine koza hranjenih dodatkom sjemenki piskavice imale su i značajno veći antioksidacijski kapacitet (p<0,01) i aktivnost katalaze (p<0,01). Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju kako dodatak sjemenki piskavice u hranidbi može poboljšati mliječnost, fiziološke i hematološke parametre te antioksidacijski kapacitet mliječnih koza izloženih toplinskom stresu

Impact of lactation stage on milk composition and blood biochemical and hematological parameters of dairy Baladi goats

The objective of this study was to elucidate the impact of lactation stage on milk composition, hematological and biochemical parameters of dairy Baladi goats under Egyptian conditions. Forty-eight Baladi goats (32.8 ± 2.9 kg of BW) were enrolled in the current study. The lactation period has been divided into three stages; early (DIM less than 80 days), Mid (DIM 80–140 days), and Late (DIM over 140 days). Baladi goats had decreased daily-MY at a rate of 18.4% and 31.9% at mid and late stages of lactation, compared with early stage, respectively (p = 0.001). Furthermore, lactose% decreased significantly with progress of lactation (p = 0.017). Total solids%, however, decreased significantly at early stage of lactation in comparison with mid and late stages (p = 0.022). On the contrary, no significant differences were found in protein, fat and SNF percentages at different stages of lactation (p = 0.836, 0.625 and 0.281, respectively). Serum glucose and total protein were significantly reduced at late stage of lactation in comparison with early and mid stages (p = 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). On the contrary, no significant differences were found for erythrocytes count, hemoglobin, serum cholesterol, catalase and triiodothyronine at different stages of lactation. There were high and positive correlations between daily-MY and serum total protein (r = 0.87, P < 0.01) and triiodothyronine (r = 0.41, P < 0.01). However, negative estimates were reported between daily-MY and triglycerides (r = −0.55, P < 0.01) and cholesterol (r = −0.33, P < 0.05). Our results indicate that dairy Baladi goats produce milk with relatively stable protein, fat and solid not fat (SNF) contents at the different stages of lactation, encouraging the continuous utilization of their milk in processing. Also, dairy Baladi goats seem able to maintain the most vital biochemical parameters. Keywords: Dairy goat, Lactation stage, Biochemical trait

Impact of dietary fenugreek seeds on lactational performance and blood biochemical and hematological parameters of dairy goats under hot summer conditions

High ambient temperature is considered as the major constraint on animal production in the tropics and sub-tropics regions. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary fenugreek seeds on lactational performance and blood biochemical, hematological and antioxidant parameters of dairy goats under stressful summer conditions. Forty-two dairy Baladi goats were randomly divided into three equal groups (14 animals in each group). The first (control) group was fed a basal diet without any additives. The second (FG1) and third (FG2) groups were fed the basal diet supplemented daily with 50 g and 100 g fenugreek seeds per animal, respectively. Compared to the control group, Baladi goats in FG1 and FG2 groups had a significantly increased daily milk yield at a rate of 8.2 and 34.2%, respectively (p<0.05). Furthermore, milk protein percentages were increased by daily supplementation with either 50 or 100 g fenugreek seeds (p<0.05), but fat percentage was only decreased in the FG2 group (p<0.01). Serum glucose (p<0.05), triglycerides (p<0.01), cholesterol (p<0.01) and triiodothyronine (p<0.01) were significantly reduced after supplementation of fenugreek seeds in the diet, either FG1 or FG2 groups. Compared to the control group, both fenugreek- supplemented groups had a significantly greater serum globulin and thryoxine level (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). Additionally, both fenugreeks-supplemented groups had a significantly higher total antioxidant capacity (p<0.01) and catalase activity (p<0.01). The current results indicate that supplementation of dietary fenugreek seeds may improve the milk yield, physiological and hematological parameters, and antioxidant capacity of heat-stressed goats

Oxidative Stability, Carcass Traits, and Muscle Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Profiles in Heat-Stressed Broiler Chickens

The objective was to elucidate the effects of chronic heat stress on carcass traits, muscle oxidative stability, muscle fatty acids and amino acid profiles in broiler chickens. A total of 100-day-old male Ross broiler chicks were divided into two equal groups of five replicates. The control group (TN) was maintained on a thermoneutral condition, while the experimental group (HS) was subjected to 8 h of heat stress (34 °C). The HS group showed lower dressing percentage and breast yield compared with the TN group (p = 0.040 and 0.042, respectively). Meanwhile, heat stress significantly increased the percentage of abdominal fat in broiler chickens (p = 0.001). The HS group showed significantly lower levels of PUFA (linoleic, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic) in the breast (p = 0.003, 0.002 and 0.001, respectively) and thigh (p = 0.001, 0.009 and 0.003, respectively) muscles than did the TN group. The levels of α-lenolinec acid in the breast and thigh muscles did not differ between both experimental groups (p = 0.818 and 0.060, respectively). With exception of threonine, tyrosine and phenylalanine, the levels of essential AA in the breast muscles were significantly (p ˂ 0.05) reduced in the HS group. The HS group showed significantly higher concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the breast muscles (p = 0.032). Meanwhile, the concentration of MDA in the thigh muscles did not differ between both experimental groups (p = 0.149). Furthermore, the HS group showed significantly lower superoxide dismutase and catalase in heart tissues (p = 0.005 and 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, chronic thermal stress deteriorates carcass yield and the oxidative stability of breast muscles, as well as the levels of PUFA and essential AA in broiler chickens. However, the oxidative stability of thigh muscles was not affected

Genetic Polymorphism of Prolactin, Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 1B and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Genes in Two Selected Lines of Japanese Quail

Abstract: Quail is the smallest avian species raised for meat and egg production. It has several advantages as a laboratory bird for biological and biomedical investigations. In this study, we performed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) . DNA was extracted from blood samples using commercial kits and amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Nucleotide polymorphisms between two selected lines were detected by DNA sequencing. Five nucleotide changes in PRL and BMPR-1B genes were identified and there was no nucleotide difference in IGF-1 gene between egg and meat selected lines. The further study was required to find mutation in other site of IGF-1 and the SNPs discovered in this study provided suitable markers for association studies of candidate genes with important economic traits in Japanese quail

Effects on some immunological traits after crossing three rabbit breeds in Egypt

The authors evaluate the effect of crossing three purebred rabbit breeds in a complete 3 × 3 diallel crossbreeding experiment (New Zealand White, V-line and Gabali) on certain immunological traits, including IgG titre. Sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) were administered at 8 weeks of age and boosted at 10 weeks of age. V-line/Gabali crossbreeds gave the highest significant (p<0.05) level of serum total protein at 8 and 12 weeks of age (4.71 and 7.70 g/dl, respectively). Its reciprocal crossbreed Gabali/V-line resulted in the highest estimate of serum globulin at 8 weeks of age (2.07 g/dl). V-line/Gabali crossbreeds showed the highest positive heterosis percentage (H%) of total protein, albumin and globulin at 8 weeks of age (27.98, 30.28 and 25.00, respectively). However, its reciprocal crossbreeds, Gabali/V-line, revealed negative estimates for total protein and albumin at the same age (–4.07 and –29.80). V-line/Gabali crossbreeds gave the highest titre (3.167) and positive H% (0.69) of IgG to the second dose of SRBCs. On the contrary, the highest negative estimate to the second dose was recorded in Gabali/New Zealand White crossbreeds (–2.49). Using the Gabali breed as the female line gave superior results for most immunological parameters

Detection of SNPs in growth hormone and insulin like growth factor -1 genes in two divergently selected lines of Japanese quail

The Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) is used for producing both meat and egg in many countries and as a model for animal research purposes. Two lines of Japanese quail that were differentiated by high body weight (HBW) and low body weight (LBW) had been improved by selection for body weight at four weeks of age. The objective of this study was to detect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in Growth hormone (GH) and Insulin like Growth Factor -1 (IGF-1) genes in the two Japanese quails selected lines which based on the weight of the body at four weeks of age. DNA has been extracted from fifty blood samples by commercial kits and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA sequencing revealed nucleotide polymorphisms between the two Japanese quails selected lines. The results of this investigation revealed that, one nucleotide change (T/C) in the intron 2 of GH gene. However, there were no nucleotide differences in IGF-1gene between the two selected lines. It concluded that, the SNP discovered in the GH gene may provide appropriate markers for associating researches of candidate genes with imperative economic measurements in Japanese quail. However, further studies are necessitating detecting mutation in another region of IGF-1