Investigations into structure-property relationships of novel Ru(II) dyes with N,N?-Diethyl group in ancillary ligand for dye-sensitized solar cells

Structure-property relationships of four novel bipyridyl Ru(II) complexes, denoted as SD-22, SD-24, SD-26 and SD-28, are reported herein. The molecular structures of all four photosensitizers were confirmed using FT-IR, 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. Photovoltaic characteristics of the photosensitizers were evaluated under 1.5 a.m. standard illumination condition, in presence of deoxycholic acid as co-adsorbent, and subsequently compared to the performance of the benchmark, Z907. SD-22 showed an IPCE of 52% and 50% at 440 nm and 550 nm, respectively, a short-circuit photocurrent density (JSC) of 17.37 mA cm−2, open-circuit photovoltage (VOC) of 0.63 V and fill factor (FF) of 0.66, producing an overall conversion efficiency (η) of 7.31%, which outperformed Z907 (7.02%) under the same experimental device conditions. The η of the other photosensitizers is in the following order: SD-22 > SD-28 > SD-26 > SD-24. Photosensitizer SD-22 has N,N′-dialkyl group attached to a benzene ring while SD-24 has N,N′-dialkyl without a benzene ring. The extended conjugation in SD-22 translated into higher overall solar-to-electric conversion efficiency. Substitution of dialkylamino-based ancillary ligands of Ru(II) dyes SD-26 and SD-28 with –OCH3 and –OC6H13 also demonstrated that the photovoltaic performance of polypyridyl ruthenium photosensitizers is a function of the donating power of ancillary ligands as well as the steric effect of alkoxy auxochromes at –ortho position.The authors would like to thank the Higher Education Commission, Pakistan , Pakistan for financial assistance of this project. Facilities in CIRBS and CAEPE at International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan, HEC 's support in the form of SRGR grant# 2505 (21-2505/SRGP/R&D/HEC/2019 ) and NRPU grant# 8227 are also acknowledged. Appendix AScopu