The Estimation of the Oxide Ion polarizability using the Electronegativity for B2O3-Li2O-Mo glass system

Recently Optical electronegativity of many binary oxide glasses has been evaluated on the basis of two different parameters, the linear refractive index and the energy gap, which have demonstrated remarkable correlation. In the present study, an improvement method to estimate the oxide ion polarizability through the average optical electronegativity for the lithium borate metal (Mo) glass system has been proposed. The electronic oxide polarizability of our prepared ternary oxide glasses have been estimated on the basis of the average optical electronegativity. In other side the value of the oxide ion polarizability has been determined using the equation of Dimitrov based on the measured linear refractive index. The estimated values are in good agreement with the available experimental data. The present research is another trend of the oxide ion polarizability determination for ternary glasses. Keywords: oxide ion polarizability , optical electronegativity ,ternary glasses

Hepatoprotective Effects of Moringa Oleifera Seeds Against Ethanol Induced Liver Damage In Wistar Rats

Hepatocytes are reportedly susceptible to the injurious effects of oxidants when exposed to toxic substances such as Ethanol . The widespread claims of the medicinal efficacy of various parts of Moringa oleifera plant have been well documented in literature. Oil was extracted from seeds and acetone extract was prepared from defatted seeds and evaluate antioxidant properties. The in vitro antioxidant of oil and acetone extract of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) seeds were assayed by DPPH scavenging activity and reducing power. The in vivo hepatoprotective effects evaluated in male Wistar rats against ethanol induced liver damage in preventive and curative models. The M. oleifera oil and acetone extract (300 mg/kg body weight (bw), and silymarin (100 mg/kg bw) were administered orally in both the studies. Liver injury was induced by 40% ethanol administration (3.76 gm/kg bw, orally) for 30 days. Both moringa oil and acetone extract showed a good amount of phenols and flavonoids and appeared antioxidant activity in reducing power and DPPH scavenging activity assay, while the oil of moringa was the more effective one compared with acetone extract. The level of plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) , total bilirubin , albumin, total protein and plasma antioxidant state (MDA content and catalase activity) were determined to assay hepatotoxicity. Ethanol administration caused severe hepatic damage in rats as evidenced by elevated plasma AST, ALT, ALP , total bilirubin, albumin, , total protein , MDA content and catalase activity levels. The oil , acetone extract of M. oleifera and silymarin administration prevented the toxic effect of ethanol on the above plasma parameters in preventive model. The present study concludes that oil and acetone extract of M. oleifera seeds have significant antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity against ethanol induced hepatotoxicity. Key words: Moringa oil , Moringa acetone extract, ethanol, antioxidant, liver,

Application of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a biocontrol agent against Fusarium infection of sugar beet plants

Applicability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a biocontrol agent of Fusarium oxysporum and as plant growth promoter was investigated. At 5 g L-1concentration, germination rate of the soaked seeds reached 85.83% in comparison with 54.00% for the untreated ones. Plant growth parameters, chlorophyll contents, TSS and sucrose percentages were also tested. Application of 5 g L-1 of yeast resulted in a reduction of the pre- and post-emergence damping-off 6.67 and 11.67%, respectively. Survival of treated plants increased to 83.33% in comparison with 30.00% for the pots inoculated with the pathogen containing untreated seeds. Linear growth of F. oxysporum was inhibited with 39.52% and 50% by using 5 g L-1 and 6.35 g L-1 of the yeast, respectively

Thermal vibration analysis of cracked nanobeams submerged in elastic foundations by nonlocal continuum mechanics

Funding information The authors declare that they do not receive any funds from any organization for this research.Peer reviewe

Biologischer Abbau von Substratgemischen aus Phenol, Benzoat und Acetat durch Burkholderia cepacia G4

Burkholderia cepacia G4 was cultivated in batch and continuous mode on the substrates phenol, benzoate and acetate applied as single substrates and in various substrate combinations. Under steady state conditions in a chemostat, conversion of all three substrates was complete. This was shown for individual substrates as well as for substrate mixtures. In substrate mixtures, all compounds were mineralized simultaneously, no diauxic behaviour was observed. It was shown that stoichiometric coefficients, derived from single substrate experiments, can be transferred to substrate mixtures under these conditions. Under substrate surplus conditions, all cultivations on phenol or benzoate showed a decrease of the carbon recovery. On acetate, no deviation of the carbon recovery was observed. For all three substrates, an influence of the culture history was observed, leading to different adaptations times after start of an experiment. The time constants are too large for enzyme regulation, but correspond well with genetic regulation. In addition to the influence of the culture history, a metabolic decoupling was observed. In contrast to benzoate and acetate, the phenol conversion kinetics is influenced by a further, not yet identified factor. For substrate mixtures of phenol and acetate, a strong inhibition of phenol on acetate conversion was detected. Acetate, on the other hand, reduced the phenol conversion only slightly. For substrate mixture of phenol and benzoate, no cross inhibition was detected. For ternary mixtures of all three compounds, an inhibitory effect of phenol versus acetate conversion was not observed.Das Abbauverhalten einer Reinkultur von Burkholderia cepacia G4 wurde hinsichtlich der Einzelverbindungen Phenol, Benzoat und Acetat und Gemischen derselben bei unterschiedlichen Kultivierungsbedingungen untersucht. Unter stationären Bedingungen bei Substratlimitierung im Chemostat wurde für alle drei Verbindungen ein vollständiger Umsatz beobachtet, sowohl bei den Einzelsubstanzen wie auch bei den Substratgemischen. Es erfolgte ein simultaner Abbau aller Substrate in den Gemischen, eine Diauxie trat nicht auf. Die stöchiometrischen Daten aus dem Einzelsubstratsystem können auf das Gemisch übertragen werden. Unter Substratüberschuß trat bei allen Satzversuchen mit Phenol oder Benzoat ein Kohlenstoffbilanzdefizit auf. Beim Acetatumsatz wurde keine Abweichung der Kohlenstoffbilanz beobachtet. Für alle drei Substrate wurde ein Einfluß der Kulturhistorie festgestellt, der zu unterschiedlich langen Adaptationsphasen nach versuchsbeginn führte. Die Zeitkonstante der Adaptation deutet auf genetische, nicht auf Enzymeregulation hin. Zusätzlich zum Einfluß der Kulturhistorie wurde bei Substratüberschuß eine metabolische Entkopplung sowie ausschließlich bei Phenol noch eine weitere bis jetzt noch nicht identifizierte Einflußgröße auf die Kinetik festgestellt. Bei Substratgemischen aus Phenol und Acetat wurde eine starke Inhibition des Acetatabbaus durch Phenol beobachtet, während umgekehrt Acetat den Phenolumsatz nur leicht inhibiert. Bei Gemischen aus Phenol und Benzoat konnte keine gegenseitige Inhibition festgestellt werden. Die ausgeprägte Inhibition des Acetatabbaus durch Phenol ist bei den ternären Gemischen nicht erkennbar

Review Multi Pass Friction Stir Processing

The aim of this article is to provide a review of multiple passes friction stir processing technology and their effect on the microstructure refinement, improving mechanical properties furthermore enhancement of reducing distortion and defects in materials. Multi-pass FSP achieves uniform dispersion of reinforcement particles in the metal matrix composites. The present paper reviews the work done in the above mentioned areas and concludes the effect of multi-pass FSP on the mechanical properties

A new natural pyrrolone from the Egyptian Ageratum species

Ageratum conyzoides L., is an annual herb with a long history of traditional medicinal uses in many countries in the world, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions. A wide range of chemical compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, chromenes, benzofurans and terpenoids have been isolated from this species. Extracts and metabolites from this plant have been found to possess pharmacological and insecticidal activities. In continuation of our interest in the Egyptian medicinal plants, the reinvestigation of the methylenechloride extract of the air-dried aerial parts of Ageratum conyzoides afforded a new natural compound 1, pyrrolone, 5-ethoxy-1H-pyrrol-2(5H)-one, together with a known flavonoid. The structures of the compounds were determined by comprehensive NMR studies, including DEPT, COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and MS

Effects of ammonia toxicity on growth performance, cortisol, glucose and hematological response of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Ammonia is a production limiting factor in the aquaculture media affecting fish production. A study was designed to scrutinize effects of ammonia on growth performance, survival, cortisol and hematological parameters of Tilapia fish. The study examined effects of 96 h-incubation of male and female Tilapia with 3 mg ammonium chloride per a liter of water compared to control. The study has been carried out in the physiology laboratory of the department of animal and fish production, Alexandria University. Fourteen aquaria were used (6 control and 8 ammoniated). Each aquarium contained 6 fish (half the population males and the other have females). Duration of the control reared fish was 30 days, however the duration for ammoniated group was 4 days. In all stressed fish, there found decreases in final body weight, average daily gain and specific growth rate as compared to controls. Hematological parameters revealed increases (P0.05) in total leukocyte counts in both males and females exposed to stressors. There were significant decreases (P0.05) in red blood cell, hematocrit value and hemoglobin concentration in both males and females. There were non-significant differences (P0.10) in these parameters between males and females. Exposing both male and female tilapia to ammonia, resulted in increases (P0.05) in mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) didn’t change in male tilapia, while females expressed increased MCH values in the ammonia condition. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) decreased (P0.05) under ammonia with no differences between males and females. Differential leukocyte count exhibited increases (P0.05) in neutrophils in ammonia-exposed males and females and decreases (P0.05) in eosinophils and monocytes in males, but not in females. However, lymphocytes decreased (P0.05) in both females and males exposed to ammonia. Cortisol level increased (P0.05) by about 2 folds in both sexes of fish exposed to ammonia (2.95 and 2.72 vs6.40 and 6.48 ng/ml in control males and females vs ammonia-exposed males and females).Rearing tilapia fish in media containing high level (3mg/l water) of ammonium chloride not only deteriorated growth rate but it also negatively affected the health wellbeing.

New norfloxacin/nitric oxide donor hybrids: Synthesis and nitric oxide release measurement using a modified Griess colorimetric method

Oximes and nitrate esters are considered as important nitric oxide (NO) donors with diverse biological activities. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of new oxime and nitrate ester derivatives of norfloxacin as potential NO donor hybrids with expected synergistic antimicrobial activity. The release of NO from those hybrids was measured by a modified Griess method in which p-nitroaniline was employed instead of sulfanilamide. The increased electrophilicity of the intermediate 4-nitroaniline diazonium salt accelerated the coupling process and shortened the overall assessment time. The improved detection limits and enhanced sensitivity would pave the way for the future application of this method in nitrite determination in biological or non-biological systems

Is there a Link between Human Herpes Virus Infection and Toll-like Receptors in the Pathogenesis of Pityriasis Rosea? A Case-control Study

Human herpesvirus (HHV) 6 and 7 are involved in the pathogenesis of pityriasis rosea (PR). Our aim was to evaluate the role of the innate immune response in PR through the detection of Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, and 9 expression in the skin of affected patients and to detect the possibility of being induced by HHV-6 and/or HHV-7 viral coexistence in these patients. Twenty-four patients with PR and 24 healthy controls were included in this case-control study. Biopsy was obtained from the PR lesion and from the healthy skin of controls for detection of HHV-6 and 7 as well as TLRs 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, and 9 gene expression using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Significantly elevated expression of all studied TLRs and significantly higher viral load of HHV-6 and 7 in PR cases were detected. A significant higher expression of TLR2 and 4 in HHV-7 positive cases and a significant positive correlation between TLR9 and HHV-7 viral load were documented. HHV6 and 7 may also be involved in the pathogenesis of PR via TLR pathways  </p