Using a Biofungicide (Coniothyrum minitans Campbell.) In Controlling Some Soilborne Plant Pathogenic Fungi in Egypt

Abstract: In vitro, growth of sclerotia forming fungi i.e., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii and S. cepivorum was reduced significantly when these fungi were cultured in the front of the biofungicide Coniothyrum minitans. Delaying of inoculation the sclerotia forming fungi by 72 h after the dishes had been inoculated by the biofungicide greatly reduced growth of sclerotia forming fungi than inoculation by biofungicide and sclerotia-forming fungi were carried out in the same time (0 time). Moreover, formation of slerotia by the previously mentioned fungi greatly affected in the presence of the biofungicide and superior reduction was shown when inoculation by sclertotia-forming fungi was delayed 72 h after C. minitans had been inoculated in petri dishes. Examination of cross sections of infected sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum and S. rolfsii by C. minitans revealed the presence of several histological changes in comparison with the healthy ones. The biofungicide caused broking the outer shell of sclerotia and invade the inner content, led to destroyed, malformation, lysis, decay and changes of sclerotial colour. Under greenhouse condition, a biofungicide (C. minitans) significantly increased the percentage of healthy plants of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), grown in soil infested by S. sclerotiorum or S. rolfsii and onion (Allium cepae L.) grown in soil infested by S. cepivorum and significantly decreased the percentage of infected plants comparing with un-treated control. The presence of biofungicide in soil infested with sclerotia forming fungi led to great increase of growth parameters in comparison to its absence. It significantly increased root and plant length and fresh weight of survival plants. Moreover, the biofungicide caused great increase of flowers and pods of bean plants as well as the weight of bean pods and the weight of onion plants

Impact of core stability exercises vs. interferential therapy on pelvic floor muscle strength in women with pelvic organ prolapse

OBJECTIVE: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is the descent of the pelvic organs into or through the vaginal walls. Females who have prolapse have symptoms that interfere with their daily lives, sexual function, and exercise. POP can have a negative effect on one’s sexuality and body image. This study attempted to assess the significance of core stability exercises vs. interferential therapy on the power of the pelvic floor muscles in females with prolapsed pelvic organs. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A randomized control trial was conducted on forty participants (aged between 40-60 years, diagnosed with mild degree pelvic organ prolapse participated in the research. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: (group A; n = 20) and (group B; n = 20). The participants were tested twice, before and after 12 weeks, during which group (A) performed core stability exercises while group (B) received interferential therapy. A modified Oxford grading scale and the perineometer were used to assess how the vaginal squeeze pressure changed. RESULTS: The study’s findings demonstrated that the modified Oxford grading scale values and vaginal squeeze pressure had a non-statistically significant difference (p-value ≥ 0.05) between both groups pre-treatment while had a statistically significant difference (p-value ≤ 0.05) between both groups post-treatment in favor of group A. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that both training programs are efficient at strengthening the pelvic floor muscles, but the core stability exercises were more effective