Optimality conditions for differential system of Petrowsky type with infinite number of variables and boundary control

AbstractIn this paper, we study the optimal control problem for an n×n coupled Petrowsky type system involving a 2ℓ-th order self-adjoint elliptic operator with an infinite number of variables and constrained boundary control acting through Neumann conditions. Also, we derived the necessary and sufficient conditions of optimality for two types of performance index (quadratic one, general integral form).By using standard Lions’s arguments [J.L. Lions, Optimal Control of Systems Governed by Partial Differential Equations, vol. 170, Springer-Verlag, 1971] we proved the existence of a solution to the n×n coupled Petrowsky system and we derived optimality conditions for the optimal control problem with a quadratic performance index. In the case of the general integral form of the performance index we applied Dubovitskii–Milyutin’s formalism earlier used in Kotarski [W. Kotarski, Some problems of optimal and pareto optimal control for distributed parameter systems, Reports of Silesian University Katowice, Poland, 1997, no. 1668]. Finally, we provided some special cases

Triple Primary Carcinomas: Prostatic Adenocarcinoma, Bladder Urethral Carcinoma and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Report

Introduction: Patients with multiple tumors represent a segment of the cancer survivor population affected more than once by cancer, the phenomenon is still rare.Case presentation: In this report we present a patient who developed primary bladder urethral carcinoma with synchronous prostatic adenocarcinoma and metachronous papillary thyroid carcinoma where diagnosed within nine month period. There was no clear risk factors could explain this combination except smoking history.Conclusion: The diagnosis of cancer should not exclude the existence of other concomitant malignancies. This combination of multiple primary carcinomas, to our knowledge, has never been reported in the literature

Epidemiological Pattern and Management of Pediatric Asthma Review of Ain Shams Pediatric Hospital Chest Clinic Data Cairo, Egypt 1995-2004

Background: Pediatric asthma is the leading cause of chronic illness in childhood and has an impact on child's quality of life. Objective: To describe the epidemiological and clinical data of asthmatic children followed up in the Pediatric Chest Clinic Ain Shams University during a 10 year period. Methods: Files of asthmatic children attending the Clinic in the period from1995 to 2004 were selected. Relevant data were extracted and analyzed. Results: Out of 1006 recorded cases, a total of 691 (68.7%) were asthmatic. The proportion of asthmatics among all chest patients attending the clinic was lowest in 2002 being 51.6% and highest in 1995, being 78.3%. Male to female ratio was1.6:1, mean age was 5.27 yrs (SD ±3.65), mean age of onset of disease was 1.84 yrs (SD ± 2.78). Persistent asthma was significantly more prevalent in males p < 0.01. Severe asthma; using the American Thoracic Society Classification, was found in 151 (41.1%) of cases. From 2002, using GINA Guidelines Classification, severe persistent asthma accounted for 13.5%. Episodic attacks were reported by 270 (39%) of patients, nocturnal attacks by 302 of patients (43.7%) and exercise induced asthma in 97 (14%) of patients. Exacerbations occurred in 300 (43.4%) patients after respiratory infections, in 275 (39.8%) on exposure to smoke, in 139 (20%) with special food, in 91 (13.2%) following allergen exposure and 51 (7.4%) on exposure to inhaler sprays. Half of the patients were treated by combination of drugs (49.2%), corticosteroid inhalers in 32.1%, and ß agonists (short acting) in 31.4%. Conclusion & recommendations: Asthma constitutes a main problem in the Pediatric Chest Clinic. Respiratory infection and environmental factors are major exacerbating factors. Better documentation of patient's data and complete record in the files is needed.Keywords: pediatric asthma, epidemiology, pattern, chest clinic, hospital filesEgypt J Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2008; 6(2): 51-5

Brain Emotional Learning Based Intelligent Decoupler for Nonlinear Multi-Input Multi-Output Distillation Columns

The distillation process is vital in many fields of chemical industries, such as the two-coupled distillation columns that are usually highly nonlinear Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) coupled processes. The control of MIMO process is usually implemented via a decentralized approach using a set of Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) loop controllers. Decoupling the MIMO process into group of single loops requires proper input-output pairing and development of decoupling compensator unit. This paper proposes a novel intelligent decoupling approach for MIMO processes based on new MIMO brain emotional learning architecture. A MIMO architecture of Brain Emotional Learning Based Intelligent Controller (BELBIC) is developed and applied as a decoupler for 4 input/4 output highly nonlinear coupled distillation columns process. Moreover, the performance of the proposed Brain Emotional Learning Based Intelligent Decoupler (BELBID) is enhanced using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. The performance is compared with the PSO optimized steady state decoupling compensation matrix. Mathematical models of the distillation columns and the decouplers are built and tested in simulation environment by applying the same inputs. The results prove remarkable success of the BELBID in minimizing the loops interactions without degrading the output that every input has been paired with

Management of the Rectal Stump after Subtotal Colectomy Operations for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Era of Immunologic Therapy : A Two-Centre Cohort Study

Funding Sources The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.Non peer reviewedPublisher PD

Boundary control problem with an infinite number of variables

Using a previous result by Gali and El-Saify (1983) and the theory of Kotarski (1989), and Lions (1971), we formulate the boundary control problem for a system governed by Neumann problem involving selfadjoint elliptic operator of 2ℓth order with an infinite number of variables. The inequalities which characterize the optimal control in terms of the adjoint system are obtained, it is studied in order to construct algorithms attainable to numerical computations for the approximation of the control