Muscle invasive bladder cancer in Upper Egypt: the shift in risk factors and tumor characteristics

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In Egypt, where bilharziasis is endemic, bladder cancer is the commonest cancer in males and the 2^ndin females; squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the commonest type found, with a peculiar mode of presentation. The aim of this study is to identify and rank the risk factors of muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) in Upper Egypt and describe its specific criteria of presentation and histopathology.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This is an analytical, hospital based, case controlled study conducted in south Egypt cancer institute through comparing MIBC cases (n = 130) with age, sex and residence matched controls (n = 260) for the presence of risk factors of MIBC. Data was collected by personal interview using a well designed questionnaire. Patients' records were reviewed for histopathology and Radiologic findings.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The risk factors of MIBC were positive family history [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 7.7], exposure to pesticides [AOR = 6.2], bladder stones [AOR = 5], consanguinity [AOR = 3.9], recurrent cystitis [AOR = 3.1], bilharziasis [odds ratio (OR) = 5.8] and smoking [OR = 5.3]. SCC represented 67.6% of cases with burning micturition being the presenting symptom in 73.8%.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>MIBC in Upper Egypt is usually of the SCC type (although its percentage is decreasing), occurs at a younger age and presents with burning micturition rather than hematuria. Unlike the common belief, positive family history, parents' consanguinity, exposure to pesticides and chronic cystitis seem to play now more important roles than bilharziasis and smoking in the development of this disease in this area.</p

Effect of silymarin on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in normal rats

No Abstract. The Egyptian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Vol. 23(2) 2005: 183-19

Impact of different biochemical markers in serum of patients with benign and malignant liver diseases

The only hope for effective treatment of liver cancer lies in early detection or screening for populations who are at high risk for developing liver cancer. This study was designed to study the levels of a collection of biochemical markers in the sera of patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its predisposing diseases. The ultimate aim is to investigate their diagnostic impact in the early detection of HCC and discriminate from benign liver diseases. The study was carried out on 217 individuals divided into the following groups: Group 1: Normal controls, Group 2: Schistosomal patients (Schist), Group 3: Hepatitis B patients (HBV), Group 4: Hepatitis C patients (HCV), Group 5: Cirrhotic patients (Cirr), and Group 6: Hepatocellular carcinoma patients (HCC). The last group was further subdivided into the following subgroups: a – HCC alone; b – HCC on top of schistosomiasis; c – HCC on top of HBV; d – Hepato-cellular carcinoma on top of HCV; e – HCC on top of cirrhosis. Their sera were subjected to a quantitative determination of the tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), epidermal growth factor and its receptor (EGF and EGFR), glutathione-S-transferase alpha (GST-α), iron, ferritin, transferrin, alpha-1-antitrypsin (α1AT) and alpha-fetoprotein (αFP). The results of this study indicate that it is advisable to determine a panel of markers composed of αFP, TNF-α and GST-α to confirm diagnosis of HCC and distinguish it from other benign liver diseases