Substantial Phase Exploration for Intuiting Covid using form Expedient with Variance Sensor

This article focuses on implementing wireless sensors for monitoring exact distance between two individuals and to check whether everybody have sanitized their hands for stopping the spread of Corona Virus Disease (COVID). The idea behind this method is executed by implementing an objective function which focuses on maximizing distance, energy of nodes and minimizing the cost of implementation. Also, the proposed model is integrated with a variance detector which is denoted as Controlled Incongruity Algorithm (CIA). This variance detector is will sense the value and it will report to an online monitoring system named Things speak and for visualizing the sensed values it will be simulated using MATLAB. Even loss which is produced by sensors is found to be low when CIA is implemented. To validate the efficiency of proposed method it has been compared with prevailing methods and results prove that the better performance is obtained and the proposed method is improved by 76.8% than other outcomes observed from existing literatures

Expression of ERG Protein and TMRPSS2-ERG Fusion in Prostatic Carcinoma in Egyptian Patients

AIM: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancers in men worldwide. Its incidence can be influenced by several risk factors including genetic susceptibility. Therefore the search for the expression of a certain gene (ERG) and its rearrangement could give us clues for proper identification of PCa. And the study of ERG expression and its comparison to FISH in Egyptian patients can show whether ERG immunophenotype could be used instead of FISH, as it is cheaper.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed on 85 cases of PCa, showing 30 cases with HGPIN and 30 cases of prostatic hyperplasia. All were immunohistochemistry stained using ERG monoclonal rabbit antihuman antibody was used (clone: EP111). FISH analysis was performed in 38 biopsies of PCa cases to detect TMRPSS2-ERG rearrangement using the FISH ZytoLight TriCheck Probe (SPEC TMRPSS2-ERG).RESULTS: ERG expression was found in 26% of PCa cases and 20% of HGPIN cases. FISH analysis showed fusion of 21 cases of PCa (out of 22 cases showing ERG immunoexpression).CONCLUSION: Our findings emphasise that only malignant and pre-malignant cells and not benign cells from the prostate stain positive. ERG expression may offer a simpler, accurate and less costly alternative for evaluation of ERG fusion status in PCa

Expression of FGFR3 Protein and Gene Amplification in Urinary Bladder Lesions in Relation to Schistosomiasis

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer represents the fifth most common malignancy worldwide and a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and death. Incidence and mortality rates have remained relatively constant over the past four decades. Urothelial bladder cancers have identified multiple risk factors.AIM: We aimed at evaluating the expression of the FGFR3 protein and gene amplification in the urothelial cells of neoplastic and non-neoplastic urothelial lesions of the urinary bladder, and correlation with tumour grade, stage and associated bilharziasis.MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and five different urinary bladder lesions were studied, including 15 cystitis cases (9 bilharzial and 6 non-bilharzial cystitides), 75 urothelial carcinoma cases (18 bilharzial associated and 57 non-bilharzial associated) and 15 squamous cell carcinoma associated with bilharziasis, beside 5 control cases. Data concerning age, sex, tumour grade, stage, and associated bilharziasis were obtained. Each case was studied for FGFR3 expression, and FISH technique was applied on forty malignant cases that show high protein expression.RESULTS: The highest incidence of cystitis was in the fourth decade while of bladder cancer was in the seventh decade. Tumour grade was correlated significantly with tumour stage. FGFR3 correlates significantly with tumour grade, stage and with a bilharzial infestation. FGFR3 gene amplification was reported mainly in low grade and NNMBIC tumours.CONCLUSIONS: FGFR3 overexpression in malignant cases was significantly higher than in chronic cystitis. FGFR3 gene amplification was reported mainly in low grade and NNMBIC tumours. FGFR3 may be further studied as a subject for target therapy of bladder cancer

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

Effect of Dopamine on Growth, Some Biochemical Attributes, and the Yield of Crisphead Lettuce under Nitrogen Deficiency

Nitrogen (N) represents the most important nutrient for plant growth and productivity, but extreme and ineffective usage of N fertilizer results in boosted plant production expenditures and environmental contamination. For the world’s sustainable food production and environmental profits, there has been increased research interest in reducing the use of N fertilization along with improving plant N deficiency (ND) tolerance. Dopamine (DA), a potential antioxidant, mediates several physio-biochemical processes in plants under normal or stressful conditions. However, their roles in increasing ND tolerance in crisphead lettuce are not well-documented. We investigate the role of DA concentration (0.50 and 100 µM) on the growth and yield of crisphead lettuce plants under ND. Under normal conditions (100% recommended N fertilizer dose), DA (50 and 100 μM) application significantly enhanced growth, chlorophyll concentration, N%, antioxidant enzymes activity, as well as yield and its components, decreased nitrate accumulation and oxidative biomarkers compared to untreated plants (0 μM DA). ND significantly decreased plant growth and yield attributes as well as evoked oxidative impairment and nitrate accumulation as compared to 100% recommended N fertilizer dose in the absence of DA. However, within ND conditions, the application of DA concentrations significantly mitigated ND-induced oxidative burst and improved plant growth, chlorophyll concentration, N%, nitrate concentration, peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, total soluble solid, vitamin C, dry matter %, and total sugars, over 0 μM DA treated plants. Current findings highlighted that exogenous application of 100 μM DA could reinforce the crisphead lettuce plant’s resilience to ND by minimizing reactive oxygen species accumulation and promoting enzymatic antioxidants alongside growth, yield, and quality improvement. The beneficial effects of DA in lessening ND’s drastic impacts on crisphead lettuce resulted from upregulating antioxidant enzyme activity, impairment of oxidative biomarkers, and maintaining chlorophyll levels. The current findings open pioneering prospects to reduce nitrogen fertilization by DA application without any drastic effect on plant productivity. But further research is needed to fully understand DA effects and their mechanisms in inducing ND tolerance in different plant species, including crisphead lettuce

Response in Physiological Traits and Antioxidant Capacity of Two Cotton Cultivars under Water Limitations

Deficit irrigation water (DW) is one of the main stress factors that negatively affect cotton cultivation. Hence, the identification of cotton cultivars tolerant to DW and sandy soil conditions is particularly needed. Understanding the response of cultivars to DW is essential for estimating water needs. Besides, by understanding the physiological and antioxidant status, reflecting distinct growth, yield, and fiber quality traits under DW, the cultivar tolerant to DW can be identified in the early stage of plant growth. Therefore, two cotton cultivars (Giza 86 and Giza 92, selected for their suitability to the climatic conditions of the study area) were evaluated in this study under two DW regimes (80% or 60% of crop evapotranspiration; ETc) vs. complete irrigation water (CW; 100% of ETc as a control). These regimes amounted to 1228 or 922 vs. 1536 mm season−1, respectively, for field trials conducted during the 2019 and 2020 summer seasons. DW (80% or 60% of ETc) significantly decreased relative water content, membrane stability index, chlorophyll content, plant height, yield components, and fiber quality traits. Otherwise, phenolic compounds, proline contents, as well as antioxidant enzyme activities increased in concomitance with an increase in electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content. The harmful effects of the higher DW (60% of ETc) were more pronounced in both cultivars. However, compared to Giza 86, Giza 92 showed higher performance under both CW and DW regimes, accounting for higher values for all studied traits in the blooming stage. The correlation coefficient showed that most of the physiological traits and antioxidants under study were effective criteria in identifying a high-yielding cultivar under DW in the cotton blooming stage and therefore can be used to select the cotton cultivar more suitable for the conditions of the study area. Biplot analysis was used to study the relationship between DW and all evaluated traits, as it was found that the most prominent traits were elongation (%) with Giza 92 + 100% ETc, yellowness degree with Giza 86 + 100% ETc, and SOD with Giza 92 + 60% ETc

Response in Physiological Traits and Antioxidant Capacity of Two Cotton Cultivars under Water Limitations

Deficit irrigation water (DW) is one of the main stress factors that negatively affect cotton cultivation. Hence, the identification of cotton cultivars tolerant to DW and sandy soil conditions is particularly needed. Understanding the response of cultivars to DW is essential for estimating water needs. Besides, by understanding the physiological and antioxidant status, reflecting distinct growth, yield, and fiber quality traits under DW, the cultivar tolerant to DW can be identified in the early stage of plant growth. Therefore, two cotton cultivars (Giza 86 and Giza 92, selected for their suitability to the climatic conditions of the study area) were evaluated in this study under two DW regimes (80% or 60% of crop evapotranspiration; ETc) vs. complete irrigation water (CW; 100% of ETc as a control). These regimes amounted to 1228 or 922 vs. 1536 mm season−1, respectively, for field trials conducted during the 2019 and 2020 summer seasons. DW (80% or 60% of ETc) significantly decreased relative water content, membrane stability index, chlorophyll content, plant height, yield components, and fiber quality traits. Otherwise, phenolic compounds, proline contents, as well as antioxidant enzyme activities increased in concomitance with an increase in electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content. The harmful effects of the higher DW (60% of ETc) were more pronounced in both cultivars. However, compared to Giza 86, Giza 92 showed higher performance under both CW and DW regimes, accounting for higher values for all studied traits in the blooming stage. The correlation coefficient showed that most of the physiological traits and antioxidants under study were effective criteria in identifying a high-yielding cultivar under DW in the cotton blooming stage and therefore can be used to select the cotton cultivar more suitable for the conditions of the study area. Biplot analysis was used to study the relationship between DW and all evaluated traits, as it was found that the most prominent traits were elongation (%) with Giza 92 + 100% ETc, yellowness degree with Giza 86 + 100% ETc, and SOD with Giza 92 + 60% ETc

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)