Pramipexole protective effect on rotenone induced neurotoxicity in mice

Introduction: 
Pramipexole is a new dopaminergic drug which has been approved for PD treatment. However, we tried to find a new capacity for this drug rather than symptomatic effect. 

Materials and Methods: 
A chronic rotenone model with daily oral dose of 30mg/kg was induced in mice. Pramipexole was tried in a new approach where the treatment began in the middle of rotenone course with oral dose 1mg/kg/day of pramipexole. 

Results: 
Further analysis of behavioral tests and immunohistochemistry revealed success of pramipexole in improving the rotenone intoxicated mice. 

Conclusion: 
These results showed possible beneficial effects of pramipexole against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity

Syngas Production, Properties, and Its Importance

Much attention has been focused on reducing the use of petroleum products as fuels, so synthetic gas (Syngas) introduces a great opportunity for energy sustainable developments. Syngas is created either by gasification of plants biomass or waste products (carbon-based) pyrolysis. In principle, Syngas can be produced from any hydrocarbon feedstock. It mainly affects the combustion process in internal combustion engines. The most important is flammability limit, which is very important in the safety and the laminar flame velocity or burning velocity, which is an essential parameter for the investigation of combustion chamber operation and emission performance. This chapter generally reviewed the syngas sources, production, properties, and its importance in the sustainable development for energy

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF RAPIDLY DISSOLVING TABLETS OF RALOXIFENE HYDROCHLORIDE BY TERNARY SYSTEM FORMATION

Objectives: Enhancing the dissolution rate of raloxifene hydrochloride for the preparation of rapidly disintegrating tablets with subsequent rapid dissolution.Methods: Binary and ternary solid dispersions (SDs) with different carriers were prepared at various drug: carrier ratios including cremophor RH 40, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30), poloxamer 407 and gelucire 44/14 as carriers and were evaluated by drug content, In-vitro dissolution studies, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis analysis. The most efficient solid dispersion was selected for preparation of rapidly dissolving tablets.Results: SDs showed enhanced dissolution rate compared to the unprocessed drug. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that enhancement in drug dissolution was mainly due to a change in its crystalline structure. FTIR studies revealed no interaction between the drug and excipients. The dissolution pattern of the drug from the prepared tablet depended on the components of the tablets with those containing a combination of super-disintegrants (crospovidone and croscarmellose) in the presence of citric acid as channeling agent and pH modifier being the best.Conclusion: The study presented a system capable of increasing the dissolution rate of raloxifene with successful incorporation in rapidly disintegrating tablets with subsequent fast dissolution. 3

Investigating Alopecia Areata and its Connection to The High-Mobility Group Box 1: Review Article

Background: It is a common and reversible hair loss illness known as alopecia areata (AA). Hair loss on the scalp and other regions of the body can begin as a patchy area of full hair loss which may develop to the entire loss of all hair on the body. It is uncertain what causes AA but it is characterized by hair cycle disruption and the presence of mononuclear cell infiltrates in the perifollicular, as well as peribulbar areas. There have been numerous studies that have shown that AA has been linked to various autoimmune illnesses, including vitiligo. Autoimmune disease is becoming more prevalent, and researchers have found a link between chronic inflammation and HMGB1 (high-mobility group box 1). Objective: To evaluate the role of (HMGB1) protein in pathogenesis of AA. Conclusion: HMGB1 is a promising predictor of prognosis and treatment responsiveness in the pathophysiology of alopecia areata

Organizational Cynicism and its Consequences on Nurses and Quality of Care in Critical Care and Toxicology Units

For many decades, the attitude of nurses has been an area of interest for researchers. The major reason for this interest is the profound impact of nurse’s attitude like organizational cynicism on many organizational outcomes. The present study is aimed to describe organizational cynicism, level of perceived organizational support, and the sequences of organizational cynicism on nurses and quality of care. Correlation descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out amongst 368 nurses working in critical care and toxicology units. The independent variable was organizational cynicism, while the dependent variables were nurse work outcomes and quality of care.  The study shows high level of organizational cynicism among nurses in critical care units and low level of perceived organizational support.  It also shows a negative relation between organizational cynicism and perceived organizational support, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and quality of care. As their cynicism level increased, their perceived level of organizational support, nurses’ commitment, job satisfaction, and quality of care decreased.  In addition, it was obvious that nurses’ perception for organizational cynicism has a positive and significant effect on deviant workplace behavior, and their leaving of employing organization and burnout. Keywords: organizational support, cynicism, consequences, nurses, quality of care

The economic efficiency analysis of some rice mills in Egypt by using DEA and SFA

The main aim of this paper is measuring the economic efficiency of the rice mills public sector in Egypt and comparing the best company according to the economic efficiency. This aim is achieved by estimating the economic efficiency using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA). This paper is based on some unpublished secondary data which is obtained from the rice mills of the public sector in Egypt from 2003 to 2014. The paper focuses on five main companies which are Domyat and Belqas, Dakahlia, Gharbia, Behiera and Kafer El-Sheikh. The most important results are that according to the dependent variable production (Y1), there is economic efficiency in rice mills Domyat and Belqas and Kafer El-Sheikh score by 1. While in rice mills Gharbia, Dakahlia and Behiera score by 40%, 49.3%, 38% (efficiency = 0.401, 0.507, and 0.622) respectively. While according to the dependent variable sales (Y2), there is economic efficiency in rice mills Domyat and Belqas, Gharbia, Dakahlia and Kafer El-Sheikh score by 1. While Behiera rice mills has economic inefficiency score by 21% (efficiency = 0.791)

The economic efficiency analysis of some rice mills in Egypt by using DEA and SFA

The main aim of this paper is measuring the economic efficiency of the rice mills public sector in Egypt and comparing the best company according to the economic efficiency. This aim is achieved by estimating the economic efficiency using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA). This paper is based on some unpublished secondary data which is obtained from the rice mills of the public sector in Egypt from 2003 to 2014. The paper focuses on five main companies which are Domyat and Belqas, Dakahlia, Gharbia, Behiera and Kafer El-Sheikh. The most important results are that according to the dependent variable production (Y1), there is economic efficiency in rice mills Domyat and Belqas and Kafer El-Sheikh score by 1. While in rice mills Gharbia, Dakahlia and Behiera score by 40%, 49.3%, 38% (efficiency = 0.401, 0.507, and 0.622) respectively. While according to the dependent variable sales (Y2), there is economic efficiency in rice mills Domyat and Belqas, Gharbia, Dakahlia and Kafer El-Sheikh score by 1. While Behiera rice mills has economic inefficiency score by 21% (efficiency = 0.791)

Serum transforming growth factor-beta1 in asthmatic children

Background: Transforming growth factor-beta1 is a multifunctional cytokine which has been linked to the pathogenesis of subepithelial fibrosis and airway wall remodeling in bronchial asthma. Objective: To outline the changes in serum TGF-beta1 in children with bronchial asthma in relation to severity of asthma and different treatment modalities. Methods: Twenty-three children with bronchial asthma recruited from the Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Clinic of Ain Shams University Children’s Hospital were enrolled in the study as well as 29 healthy controls. Asthmatic children were classified according to severity into two groups; the mild asthma group which included 12 children, 4 with mild intermittent and 8 with mild persistent asthma (none received steroid therapy), and the severe persistent asthma group which included 11 children (all were on steroid therapy). All patients were subjected to clinical evaluation and laboratory investigations including absolute eosinophilic count (AEC), total serum IgE% and biologically active serum TGF-beta1 by ELISA technique. All patients were studied during acute asthma exacerbations. Reevaluation during steady state asthma was carried out for 8 patients with mild persistent asthma and 9 with severe persistent asthma. Results: During acute asthma exacerbations, the mean serum TGF-beta1 was significantly elevated in mild asthma (77.04 ± 57.04 ng/ml) compared to controls (21.81 ± 22.09 ng/ml). However for severe persistent asthma , the mean serum TGF-beta1 was significantly lower (4.23 ± 0.85 ng/ml) than in controls. Comparison of paired observations of serum TGF-beta1 revealed a significant drop, during steady state, in patients with mild asthma, whereas in severe asthma, a significant rise was observed. The levels of both asthma groups during steady state were comparable to the control values. A positive correlation, of borderline significance, between serum TGF-beta1 and total serum IgE% was observed among mild asthamtics during acute exacerbations (r = 0.55). Conclusion: The behavior of serum TGF-beta1 in acute asthma exacerbations depends on asthma severity and is perhaps related to steroid inhalation therapy. The tendency towards normality of serum TGF-beta1 in steady state asthma is possibly a good prognostic sign.Keywords: TGF-beta1, bronchial asthma, children, remodelingEgypt J Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2004; 2(1): 46-5

PRACTICE OF PATIENT’S RIGHTS AMONG PHYSICIANS AND NURSES IN TWO EGYPTIAN HOSPITALS FROM PATIENTS’PERSPECTIVE

Background: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights clarifies the meaning of human dignity in the law. This is achieved by providing a legal and an ethical basis to improve the standards of care for the patients and giving important guidance on various critical, social, legal, and ethical issues. Aim: The aim of the study is to assess various practices of patient’s rights among physicians and nurses in two Egyptian hospitals from patients’ perspective. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 200 in-patients at the medical and surgical wards of the Alexandria Main University Hospital (AMUH) and the Matrouh General Hospital (MGH).  Close ended questionnaire was used to identify the practice of patient’s rights among physicians and nurses from patients’ perspective or views Results: Almost 27 % of patients in the Alexandria Main University Hospital and 53 % of patients in Matrouh General Hospital did not have any awareness about their rights. 5.0% of physicians and nurses had good practice and 42 % of them had moderate practice in Alexandria Main University Hospital, while 29 % of physicians and nurses in Matrouh General Hospital had moderate practice. The highest mean practice scores of patient’ rights aspects in Alexandria Main University Hospital and Matrouh General Hospital was health care and respect as human being. Thus, this was followed by adequate information, a given written consent, and health education and environment. Conclusion: The practice of patient’s rights among physician and nurses are in a poor level. Poor practice without doubt, is related to deficiency of awareness and attitude, lack of training, inadequate supervision and guidance, inadequate policy and procedure, limited budget and facilities, and unsupported management. Keywords: Practice, Patient’s Rights, Physicians, Nurses

Capture of CO2 from Natural Gas Using Ionic Liquids

This chapter will be divided into three parts; introduction, experimental and result and discussion