Partial Replacement of Cement by Solid Wastes as New Materials for Green Sustainable Construction Applications

The manufacturing of ordinary Portland cement is an energy-intensive process that results in pollution and CO2 emissions, among other issues. There is a need for an environmentally friendly green concrete substitute. Waste products from a variety of sectors can be recycled and used as a green concrete substitute. This decreases the environmental effects of concrete manufacturing as well as energy consumption. The use of solid waste materials for green building is extremely important now and in the future. Green concrete is also in its infancy in terms of manufacturing and application. Academics must intervene by encouraging business implementation. The aim of this review paper is to raise awareness about the importance of repurposing recycled materials and to highlight new technologies for producing green, sustainable concrete

Bioactive Cytotoxic Agents and Chemokine Production Inhibitors in LPS-Induced Raw264.7 Macrophage Cell Line from Flowers of Crepis Senecioides

Crepis senecioides is one of the endemic plant species found in Libya. The ethanol extract (E) of the flowers was partitioned on silica gel column with dichloromethane affording four compounds. Their structures were elucidated by the physicochemical and spectral data as germanicol acetate (1), 3`,3``butyl, 8`,8``carboxy) di-octyl phethalate (2), taraxasterol (3) and β-sitosterol (4). effect of the tested samples 1 and 2 on the viability of RAW macrophage 264.7 were studied. anti-cancer activity was tested on several human cell lines. Anti-inflammatory effect was also screened. Compound 1 had promising cellular cytotoxicity with IC50 60.26µg/mL on HepG2. Compound 2 had a talented cellular cytotoxicity with IC50 50.18 µg/mL on PC3. Both 1 and 2 exerted alike cytotoxicity with IC50 µg/mL 78.53, 78.14 on PC3 and MCF-7 carcinoma cell lines respectively. The treatment of LPS-stimulated macrophage with 2 led to a highly significant inhibition 45.05% in the nitrite concentration in LPS-stimulated macrophage. Compound 1 had a promising cellular cytotoxicity on HepG2, while 2 exhibited an inhibition on chemokine expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and had talented cellular cytotoxicity on PC3. Keywords: Crepis senecioide;, Asteraceae; Anti-inflammatory; cytotoxic effect; terpenoids; phethalate derivative

Bioactive compounds from Acokanthera oblongifolia

One cardiotonic glycoside, three triterpenes and one steroidal glycoside were isolated from Acokanthera oblongifolia fruits (pericarp) growing in Libya. Their structures were investigated by extensive application of IR, MS, 1DNMR and 2DNMR spectroscopy. The isolated compounds have evidenced in-vitro cytotoxicity on selected human cell lines (A-549, H-1299) when compared to doxorubicin. Keywords: Cardenolide; Acokanthera oblongifolia; antitumor activity; lung carcinoma cell line (A-549, H-1299)

Synthesis of Some Novel Urea, Thiourea and Amide Derivatives through Three Components one pot Reaction and their Anti-tumor Activity

The one-pot three component condensation of catechol and resorcinol with aromatic aldehydes and amides, thioamides such as urea, thiourea, thiosemicarbazide and acetamide under solvent free and neutral conditions to afford urea, thiourea and amide derivatives in high yields. The antitumor activity of some of the synthesized products was tested. Keywords: Three component condensation; 4H-benzo[e]-[1,3]oxazin-7-ol; Dioxoindenylurea; Antitumor activity

A Convenient Synthesis of Some Diarylurea and Thiourea Derivatives as Antimicrobial Compounds

A simple and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,3-diarylurea and thiourea derivatives (3 and 4)  from phenylisocyanate or phenylisothiocyanate with  various aromatic amines. Unsymmetrical bis-diarylthiourea derivative (8b) reacted with diethyl malonate, ethyl chloroacetate and phenyl hydrazine, while (12) reacted with hydrazine hydrate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, ethyl cyanoacetate and malononitrile. All compounds are characterized by I.R, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS spectral data. A comparison of synthesis of the products by conventional method and by microwave has also been undertaken. The screened antibacterial activity of the products has been recognized. Keywords: Phenylurea, Phenylthiourea, Thiazolidine, Microwave, One pot reaction, Antimicrobial activit