Editorial

Editorial - Inaugural issue - Volume 1 Number 1International Journal of Biotechnolgy for Wellness Industrie

Optimierung der Produktion und Exkretion von Glucoseoxidase mittels rekombinanten Aspergillus niger

The interrelation between various process parameters was evaluated for the cultivation of a recombinant Aspergillus niger NRRL 3 (GOD 3-18) in shake flask and bioreactor level. To increase GOx production in submerged culture, yeast extract was added to cultivation medium up to a concentration of 2 g l -1 . Beyond this concentration yeast extract supported only cell growth with a decrease in enzyme production due to the formation of large pellets. For further study of the influence of growth morphology on cell productivity, cultivations in baffled and non-baffled flask were performed. In the case of baffled flasks, cells grew in smaller pellet form which resulted in higher productivity as compared to non-baffled flask. The process was then conducted at bioreactor level for GOx production under controlled pH value. The origin of inoculum was a critical factor in microbial growth. When the spores, obtained directly from stock frozen glycerin culture, were plated only once the growth resulted in micropellet-filamentous form, showing more than two fold increase in GOx production and with a higher excretion rate as compared to pelleted grown cultures. The pelleted growth was observed under the same cultivation conditions when spores were obtained from multi-time platted cultures. The second part of this study was focused on the production of GOx with non-glucose C-sources to overcome the problem of the conversion of the substrate glucose by the produced enzyme. Among nine different mono-sugars tested, fructose and xylose supported cell growth and GOx production. Utilization of fructose increased the final cell mass concentration 2-fold compared to glucose at equivalent concentration, but it resulted in 30 lower final total GOx activity. On the other hand, xylose increased the final cell mass concentration and the final total GOx activity were 3 and 2.5-fold higher, respectively. The suitability of fructose and xylose for GOx production was also studied.Die Beziehung zwischen verschiedenen Prozeßparametern wurde für die Kultivierung von rekombinanten Aspergillus niger NRRL 3 (GOD 3-18) in Schüttelkultur und Bioreaktorexperimenten untersucht. Um die GOx Produktion in Submerskultur zu steigern, wurde Hefeextrakt zum Kulturmedium bis zu einer Konzentration von 2 g l -1 hinzugefügt. Oberhalb dieser Konzentration führte Hefeextrakt nur zu Zellwachstum bei gleichzeitiger Abnahme der Enzymproduktion, da größere Pellets gebildet wurden. Zur weiteren Untersuchung des Einflusses der Morphologie auf das Zellwachstum wurden Kultivierungen in Schüttelkolben mit und ohne Schikanen durchgeführt. In Kolben mit Schikanen wuchsen die Zellen in kleineren Pellets, was zu höherer Enzymproduktivität im Vergleich zu Kolben ohne Schikanen führte. Daraufhin wurde der Prozeß in einem Bioreaktor mit geregeltem pH durchgeführt. Der Ursprung des Inokulum war ein kritischer Faktor für das mikrobielle Wachstum. Wenn die Sporen, von einer Glycerinstammkultur stammend, nur einmal ausplattiert wurden, zeigte sich filamentöses Wachstum mit geringem Anteil von Mikropellets. Gleichzeitig verdoppelte sich die GOx Produktion und auch die Exkretion stieg an, im Vergleich zu Kultivierungen in Pelletform. Wachstum in Pelletform wurde beobachtet unter ansonsten den gleichen Bedingungen, wenn Sporen von mehrfach ausplattierten Kulturen genommen wurden. Im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit wurde die Produktion von GOx mit verschiedenen Kohlenstoffquellen, außer Glukose, untersucht, um den Umsatz von Glukose durch das produzierte Enzym zu vermeiden. Von den neun getesteten Monosacchariden unterstützten Fruktose und Xylose Zellwachstum und GOx Produktion. Die Aufnahme von Fruktose steigerte die Zellmasse 2-fach im Vergleich zu Glucose bei äquivalenter Konzentration, aber die Gesamt-GOx-Aktivität war 30 niedriger. Auf der anderen Seite steigerte Xylose die Biomassekonzentration 3-fach und die Gesamt-GOx-Aktivität 2.5-fach

Medium composition effects on growth kinetic of cordyceps militaris cells using agar plate method

Mushroom Cordyceps, as one of the most well known funguses with numerous bioactive compounds possess therapeutic actions; many years used as medicinal food particularly in China and Japan. Interestingly, the long history of mushroom as a therapeutic agent is not far from its role as a food component among Asian people specifically in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). It has been cultivated naturally or in artificial media. Fungal mycelia contain adenosine, cordycepin, and polysaccharides, which are responsible for its biological activities. Cordycepin is the best-known and most potent mushroom-derived substances possessing anticancer, antitumor, antiviral, antihypertensive, immune response stimulating effects, blood lipid lowering effects and several other immunomodulating activities. Therefore, it can be a potential alternative or supplement to chemotherapy in order to treat or accelerate the treatment efficiency on the different types of human related cancer diseases. However, high quality and large-scale production of bioactive products from mushroom Cordyceps are the issues need to be investigated. Thus, optimization of cultural conditions such as medium composition and also the type of components used in medium are two essential factors, which are so effective on the acceleration of the product formation by the cells. In this study, optimized solid state cultivation of fungal mycelia cells using modified potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium culture supplemented with specific amount of malt extract (ME) together with yeast extract (YE) was investigated. The mycelial growth diameter was monitored during 21 days of cultivation time using two series of experiments including 2, 4, 6 and 8 g of ME and 6 g of ME with 0, 2, 4 and 6 g/L of YE in the PDA medium culture, respectively. Results illustrated the highest mycelial growth diameter around 7.5 cm using medium composed of PDA supplemented with 6 g/L ME and 4 g/L. Further investigations are now undertaken in our laboratories to clarify the effects of the new medium presented here on the bioactive metabolite formation (e.g. cordycepin)

The Edible Mushroom Pleurotus spp.: I. Biodiversity and Nutritional Values

Mushrooms are macrofungi with numerous varieties and widely known as food and medicine in many ancient cultures. They are considered as potential source of many essential nutrients as well as therapeutic bioactive compounds and thus became one of the main components in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and in Japanese herbal medicine since more than two thousand years. The genus Pleurotus (widely known as oyster mushroom) is fast growing fungus belongs to basidiomycota group and considered as one of the famous species with many health benefits. Nowadays, seventy species of this genus has been discovered, but solely a few of them such as P. florida, P. sajor-caju and P. ostreatus are available in the market. The rich nutrients such as proteins, fibers, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and lipids present this mushroom as famous healthy food. Furthermore, Bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acid are extracted from various species of Pleurotus tends the researcher to investigate more on this beneficial genus. This work is focused on reviewing the recent work published in the biodiversity and nutritional content of Pleurotus spp

Coupling ultrasound with enzyme-assisted extraction of essential oil from algerian artemisia herba-alba asso

The composition of the essential oil (EO) of Artemisia herba-alba Asso, extracted by Hydro-Distillation (HD) and by coupling Ultrasound with Enzyme-Assisted Extraction (UE-AE) prior to HD from the plant's aerial parts were analyzed by GC-MS. Antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of the obtained EOs were evaluated. The yield of EO extraction after pretreatment of the desert wormwood leaves by coupling ultrasound with enzymes was in the range of 1.56%±0.07 compared to 1.01% ±0.08 in HD process; also, the total time necessary to complete EO extraction is 180min for HD and 120min for UE-AE. GC-MS profiling of the EOs showed changes in chemo type obtained by HD from camphor/1,8-cineole/α-mujone/chrysanmenone to a new chemo type in the case of UE-AE: camphor/α-thujone/1,8-cineole/filifolone; Then, an increasing of filifolone, α-thujone, 3-octyne and cis-limonene oxide characterize the UE-EO. The antifungal activity of the EO has slightly increased when extracted by UE-AE, however, both antibacterial and antioxidant activities were interestingly increased

New formulation of production media for submerged cultivation of aspergillus niger for production of pectinase

Pectinase is a generic term that used from derivation of the pectin. Pectin is a complex class of carbohydrates polymer which composed of members galacturonic acid that linked through the a-1-4 glycosidic linkage and it is widely found in the primary cell walls or at the middle lamella of higher plants . Furthermore, Among different biofactories of pectinases, the filamentous fungi provide a potentially high yielding and relatively cheap option and the genus of Aspergillus has been used with a success as a production host . Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop industrial production media and a cultivation strategy for the production and secretion of pectinases in a semi-industrial scale by A. niger. In this study, the submerged cultivation was chose as a cultivation strategy for the production and secretion of pectinase in a semi-industrial scale by A. niger

Optimization of polysaccharide productio by Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens using response surface methdology

Kefiran is an exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens which was isolated from kefir grains. Kefiran has wide applications mainly in food and pharmaceutical industries. Growth and kefiran production of L. kefiranofaciens can be significantly enhanced by using mixed culture technique. Saccharomyces cerevisiae in this study was used to enhance the kefiran production by reducing lactic acid accumulation in the cultivation medium. The statistical analysis was used for optimization study by using response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design. The interaction was studied between three different levels of variables that were lactose, yeast extract and phosphate. A second order polynomial model was used to correlate the factors. The model was found to be significant. The optimum concentration of lactose, yeast extract and phosphate obtained using statistical media optimization is 59.09 g L-1, 8.69 g L-1and 0.5 g L-1 respectively. Kefiran production in optimized medium was 0.97 g L-1 which gave an increase in kefiran production up to 42.65 % compared to the un-optimized medium which was only 0.68 g L-1 of kefiran

Assessment of in vitro antimicrobial and anti-breast cancer activities of extracts isolated from desert truffles in Saudi Arabia

Truffles are consumed worldwide as a type of precious food. Desert truffles are characterized by their growth under extreme soil and climate conditions. They have numerous nutritional and medicinal applications. Desert truffles have been shown to exhibit various biological activities. During the present work, we identified two truffle types collected from Riyadh Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, as Tirmania nivea and Terfezia claveryi. Their extracts showed significant antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, while the activity was less obvious against Escherichia coli. Hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of both types showed a dose-dependent effect against MCF-7 cancer cells, where their highest toxicities ranged from 91-93%. The lowest effective IC 50 values were 378.9±0.96 and 215.8±0.92 μg/mL for T. nivea and T. claveryi, respectively

Assessment of in vitro antimicrobial and anti-breast cancer activities of extracts isolated from desert truffles in Saudi Arabia

Truffles are consumed worldwide as a type of precious food. Desert truffles are characterized by their growth under extreme soil and climate conditions. They have numerous nutritional and medicinal applications. Desert truffles have been shown to exhibit various biological activities. During the present work, we identified two truffle types collected from Riyadh Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, as Tirmania nivea and Terfezia claveryi. Their extracts showed significant antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, while the activity was less obvious against Escherichia coli. Hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of both types showed a dose-dependent effect against MCF-7 cancer cells, where their highest toxicities ranged from 91-93%. The lowest effective IC 50 values were 378.9±0.96 and 215.8±0.92 μg/mL for T. nivea and T. claveryi, respectively