Investigation of Growth Inhibitory Effects of cyclo (Nα-pyrido)-bis-[(L-valinyl)-L-ornthenyl acid hydrazide] on Various Cancer Cells as well as in vitro VEGFR-2 Kinase Inhibition

328–332During the current work, we synthesized a new peptide derivative; 4,13-diisopropyl-2,5,12,15-tetraoxo-3,6,11,14-tetraaza-1(3,5)-pyridinacyclopentadecaphane-7-carbohydrazide. The prepared hydrazide was investigated for its in vivo as well as in vitro anticancer effects. Results revealed that this derivative has a great potential against 6 cancerous cell lines. Furthermore, the highest effect was obtained against HT1080 and HeLa cells, where the compound showed 7.4- and 15.1-folds increased activity against them, respectively. Additionally, the compound seems to exert its potential anticancer effect by affecting the kinase enzyme VEGFR-2. Finally, the compound showed promising results when tested in in vivo against prostate cancer developed animal models

Anti-VEGFR-2 Kinase Effects of Cyclo (Nα-dinicotinoyl)-bis-[(L-valinyl)- L-lysine] and its Anticancer Activities Against Different Cancer Cell Lines

The current work aimed at preparing a cyclo (Nα-dinicotinoyl)-bis-[(L-valinyl)-L-lysine] from previously established synthetic routs. The derivative was investigated for its potential anticancer activities as well as its possible mechanism of action. The prepared compound showed variable anticancer activities against all tested cell lines. Furthermore, it showed very promising activities in terms of obtained IC50 values compared to known used drugs. The mechanism of action studies showed that the prepared tripeptide may act on cancerous cells through its inhibitory action on tyrosine kinase pathway. Animal model experiments proved the potential of the synthesized tripeptide as an anticancer agent against PC3 cancer cells

Statistical Optimization Approaches for High Cell Biomass Production of Lactobacillus casei

216-221Probiotic bacteria are known to treat and prevent diseases and hence promote physical and mental wellness due to their significant brain-gut relationship. The main challenge involved in probiotic commercialization is the bio processing limitation to produce high cell mass, especially with the cultivation of lactic acid bacteria which produces lactic acid as a by product. Synthesis of lactic acid by lactic acid bacteria inhibits bacterial growth, and in turn disrupts high cell mass production. Current work presents the findings for Lactobacillus casei medium optimization by response surface methodology in shake flask level. A simple medium using 4 components: lactose, soybean meal, yeast extract and magnesium sulphate has been identified to produce high cell mass than generic mediaused for probiotic cultivation, such as the MRS medium. Secondly, response surface methodology using Box-Behken Design was employed as an optimization strategy. After optimization process, the production of Lactobacillus casei biomass increased by about 164.6% recording 6.51g.L-1 compared to cell biomass obtained using initial un-optimized medium (2.46g.L-1)

Investigation of Growth Inhibitory Effects of cyclo (Nα-pyrido)-bis-[(L-valinyl)-L-ornthenyl acid hydrazide] on Various Cancer Cells as well as in vitro VEGFR-2 Kinase Inhibition

During the current work, we synthesized a new peptide derivative; 4,13-diisopropyl-2,5,12,15-tetraoxo-3,6,11,14-tetraaza-1(3,5)-pyridinacyclopentadecaphane-7-carbohydrazide. The prepared hydrazide was investigated for its in vivo as well as in vitro anticancer effects. Results revealed that this derivative has a great potential against 6 cancerous cell lines. Furthermore, the highest effect was obtained against HT1080 and HeLa cells, where the compound showed 7.4- and 15.1-folds increased activity against them, respectively. Additionally, the compound seems to exert its potential anticancer effect by affecting the kinase enzyme VEGFR-2. Finally, the compound showed promising results when tested in in vivo against prostate cancer developed animal models

Anti-VEGFR-2 Kinase Effects of Cyclo (Nα-dinicotinoyl)-bis-[(L-valinyl)- L-lysine] and its Anticancer Activities Against Different Cancer Cell Lines

413-417The current work aimed at preparing a cyclo (Nα-dinicotinoyl)-bis-[(L-valinyl)-L-lysine] from previously established synthetic routs. The derivative was investigated for its potential anticancer activities as well as its possible mechanism of action. The prepared compound showed variable anticancer activities against all tested cell lines. Furthermore, it showed very promising activities in terms of obtained IC50 values compared to known used drugs. The mechanism of action studies showed that the prepared tripeptide may act on cancerous cells through its inhibitory action on tyrosine kinase pathway. Animal model experiments proved the potential of the synthesized tripeptide as an anticancer agent against PC3 cancer cells

Anticancer Potentials of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Liver and Breast Cancer Cell Lines

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) with particle size of 40 and 50 nm against human hepatocellular carcinoma and human breast cancer cell lines. The effects of nanoparticles were analyzed after 24 hours of incubation using standard MTT assay. Incubation of ZnONPs with different cells produced a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth. The IC50 values of ZnONPs for both prepared samples (40 and 50 nm) were comparable. It has been noticed that MCF-7 and MDA cells were more affected by the prepared 50 nm than the 40 nm ZnONPs. On the other hand, HepG2 cells showed inverse relation in terms of their response to the size of the prepared NPs

Bioprocess optimization for pectinase production using Aspergillus niger in a submerged cultivation system

Background: Pectinase enzymes present a high priced category of microbial enzymes with many potential applications in various food and oil industries and an estimated market share of $ 41.4 billion by 2020. Results: The production medium was first optimized using a statistical optimization approach to increase pectinase production. A maximal enzyme concentration of 76.35 U/mL (a 2.8-fold increase compared with the initial medium) was produced in a medium composed of (g/L): pectin, 32.22; (NH4)2SO4, 4.33; K2HPO4, 1.36; MgSO4.5H2O, 0.05; KCl, 0.05; and FeSO4.5H2O, 0.10. The cultivations were then carried out in a 16-L stirred tank bioreactor in both batch and fed-batch modes to improve enzyme production, which is an important step for bioprocess industrialization. Controlling the pH at 5.5 during cultivation yielded a pectinase production of 109.63 U/mL, which was about 10% higher than the uncontrolled pH culture. Furthermore, fed-batch cultivation using sucrose as a feeding substrate with a rate of 2 g/L/h increased the enzyme production up to 450 U/mL after 126 h. Conclusions: Statistical medium optimization improved volumetric pectinase productivity by about 2.8 folds. Scaling-up the production process in 16-L semi-industrial stirred tank bioreactor under controlled pH further enhanced pectinase production by about 4-folds. Finally, bioreactor fed-batch cultivation using constant carbon source feeding increased maximal volumetric enzyme production by about 16.5-folds from the initial starting conditions

Statistical Optimization Approaches for High Cell Biomass Production of Lactobacillus casei

Probiotic bacteria are known to treat and prevent diseases and hence promote physical and mental wellness due to their significant brain-gut relationship. The main challenge involved in probiotic commercialization is the bio processing limitation to produce high cell mass, especially with the cultivation of lactic acid bacteria which produces lactic acid as a by product. Synthesis of lactic acid by lactic acid bacteria inhibits bacterial growth, and in turn disrupts high cell mass production. Current work presents the findings for Lactobacillus casei medium optimization by response surface methodology in shake flask level. A simple medium using 4 components: lactose, soybean meal, yeast extract and magnesium sulphate has been identified to produce high cell mass than generic mediaused for probiotic cultivation, such as the MRS medium. Secondly, response surface methodology using Box-Behken Design was employed as an optimization strategy. After optimization process, the production of Lactobacillus casei biomass increased by about 164.6% recording 6.51g.L-1 compared to cell biomass obtained using initial un-optimized medium (2.46g.L-1)

Medium Optimization for Xylanase Production by Recombinant Escherichia coli B24

473-478Interest in xylanase enzyme application has led to production of xylanase from recombinant Escherichia coli B24, which is an economic alternative towards higher productivity. Recombinant E. coli used in this study is a ubiquitous bacterium containing xylanase encoding gene from Bacillus halodurans. We investigated xylanase production by recombinant E. coli using classical medium optimization. Six fermentation media had been chosen from literature for xylanase production. Afterwards, the most suitable medium was further optimized by varying the key nutrients. The final optimized cultivation medium consisted of (g.L-1): glucose, 2.5; NH4Cl, 0.4; KH2PO4, 3.0; Na2HPO4, 6.0; MgSO4.7H2O, 1.0. After medium optimization, maximal volumetric xylanase production (600.25 U.mL-1) increased by about 115.22% from the initial un-optimized medium (278.9 U.mL-1)

Medium optimization for xylanase production by recombinant escherichia coli B24

Interest in xylanase enzyme application has led to production of xylanase from recombinant Escherichia coli B24, which is an economic alternative towards higher productivity. Recombinant E. coli used in this study is a ubiquitous bacterium containing xylanase encoding gene from Bacillus halodurans. We investigated xylanase production by recombinant E. coli using classical medium optimization. Six fermentation media had been chosen from literature for xylanase production. Afterwards, the most suitable medium was further optimized by varying the key nutrients. The final optimized cultivation medium consisted of (g.L-1): glucose, 2.5; NH4Cl, 0.4; KH2PO4, 3.0; Na2HPO4, 6.0; MgSO4.7H2O, 1.0. After medium optimization, maximal volumetric xylanase production (600.25 U.mL-1) increased by about 115.22% from the initial unoptimized medium (278.9 U.mL-1)