19 research outputs found
OdreÄivanje aflatoksina, okratoksina A, fumonizina i zearalenona u žitaricama i krmivu primjenom kompetetivnoga direktnog imunoenzimatskog testa (CD-ELISA) i tankoslojne kromatografije (TLC)
Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium species frequently contaminate crops. For this reason mycotoxins such as afl atoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA), fumonisins (FBs), and zearalenone (ZEA) are found in food and feed in a wide range of concentrations, depending on environmental and storage conditions.
Consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated food and feed has been associated with acute and chronic poisoning and carcinoma. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and co-occurrence of AFs
(B1+B2+G1+G2), OTA, FBs (B1+B2+B3), and ZEA in 37 samples of cereals and feed randomly collected in 2007 from households of an endemic nephropathy (EN) area in Croatia. The mycotoxins were determined using the competitive direct ELISA test (CD-ELISA) in combination with thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The most frequent mycotoxin was ZEA (92 %, mean 318.3 Ī¼g kg-1), followed by FBs (27 %, 3690 Ī¼g kg-1), AFs (24.3 %, 4.6 Ī¼g kg-1), and OTA (16.2 %, 9.8 Ī¼g kg-1). Levels of AFs, ZEA, and FBs detected by CD-ELISA signifi cantly correlated with the TLC results. However, only one OTA-positive sample was confi rmed by TLC due to its high limit of detection. The levels of these mycotoxins were below the permissible limit for animal feed. Twenty-nine percent of cereals were contaminated with FBs, OTA, or ZEA in mass fractions above the permissible limit for humans. Co-occurrence of two toxins
varied between 4.2 % and 54 % and of three between 4.2 % and 7.6 %. Prolonged co-exposure to AFs, OTA, FBs, and ZEA might increase the risk of various chronic diseases.Vrste plijesni iz rodova Aspergillus, Penicillium i Fusarium Äesti su kontaminanti usjeva te na takvim supstratima tvore mikotoksine. Stoga su žitarice i krmiva Äesto kontaminirana afl atoksinima (AFs),
okratoksinom A (OTA), fumonizinima (FBs) i zearalenonom (ZEA) u razliÄitim koncentracijama ovisno o mikroklimatskim uvjetima na polju i u skladiÅ”tu. Konzumiranje hrane kontaminirane mikotoksinima
Äesto je povezano s akutnim ili kroniÄnim trovanjima, ali i s razvojem karcinoma. Cilj ovog rada bio je odrediti istodobnu pojavnost AFs (B1+B2+G1+G2), OTA, FBs (B1+B2+B3) i ZEA u uzorcima žitarica i krme (N=37) koji su nasumiÄno skupljeni u individualnim domaÄinstvima na podruÄju endemske nefropatije (EN) u Hrvatskoj (2007). Za odreÄivanje navedenih mikotoksina koriÅ”ten je kompetitivni direktni ELISA-test (CD-ELISA) u kombinaciji s tankoslojnom kromatografi jom (TLC). Najzastupljeniji mikotoksin bio
je ZEA (92 %, srednja koncentracija 318.3 Ī¼g kg-1), nakon Äega slijede FBs (27 %, 3690 Ī¼g kg-1), AFs (24.3 %, 4.6 Ī¼g kg-1) te OTA (16.2 %, 9.8 Ī¼g kg-1). Koncentracije AFs, FBs i ZEA odreÄene CD-ELISA-testom statistiÄki znaÄajno koreliraju s rezultatima dobivenim s TLC. OTA je potvrÄen metodom TLC samo u jednom uzorku zbog visokog limita detekcije. Dokazane koncentracije su ispod razina dopuÅ”tenih za krmiva, dok je 29 % uzoraka žitarica sadržavalo FBs, OTA ili ZEA u koncentracijama iznad dopuÅ”tenih u hrani za ljude. Kokontaminacija s dvama odnosno trima toksinima varirala je izmeÄu 4.2 % i 54 % odnosno izmeÄu 4.2 % i 7.6 %. Dugotrajni unos AFs, OTA, FBs i ZEA putem hrane može poveÄati rizik od razvoja razliÄitih kroniÄnih bolesti zbog njihova moguÄega sinergistiÄkog djelovanja