Zmiany w tkance krwiotwórczej i krwi obwodowej karpia (Cyprinus carpio L.) pod wpływem kadmu i miedzi

Wydział PrzyrodniczyCelem pracy było porównanie wpływu kadmu i miedzi na skład komórkowy tkanki krwiotwórczej nerki głowowej karpia w powiązaniu ze zmianami wartości parametrów krwi obwodowej i poziomu metali w wybranych narządach. Sporządzono także fotograficzny atlas komórek układu krwiotwórczego. Kadm i miedź wykazywały bardzo wysokie powinowactwo do nerki głowowej. Przed ekspozycją tkanki ryb zawierały więcej Cu niż Cd. U ryb poddanych działaniu metali poziom Cu wzósł w niewielkim stopniu, natomiast stężenia Cd zwiększyły się znacznie. Kadm i miedź spowodowały znaczny wzrost udziału prekursorów krwiotwórczych w stadium apoptozy przy mniejszym wzroście komórek w fazie proliferacji, co istotnie obniżyło aktywność krwiotwórczą nerki głowowej. Zmienił się także skład komórkowy tkanki krwiotwórczej: wzrósł odsetek wczesnych komórek blastycznych oraz komórek linii neutrofilowej i monocytowej, spadł zaś udział linii limfoidalnej. We krwi wzrósł udział erytrocytów o zmienionej strukturze oraz erytroblastów, co wskazuje, że działanie Cu i Cd przyspieszyły starzenie erytrocytów i ich wymianę, czemu towarzyszył wzrost poziomu hemoglobiny. Najpoważniejszą konsekwencją intoksykacji był znaczący spadek odsetka monocytów i neutrofilów we krwi czemu towarzyszyło obniżenie ich aktywności fagocytarnej. Otrzymane wyniki wskazują, że układ krwiotwórczy ryb jest wrażliwy na zanieczyszczenie wody metalami ciężkimi, a analiza tkanki nerki głowowej (szczególnie ocena poziomu proliferacji i apoptozy) może być wykorzystywana jako wskaźnik wpływu substancji toksycznych na ryby.The effects of cadmium and copper on cellular composition of common carp head kidney hematopoietic tissue was eveluated in relation to the changes in peripheral blood, and the levels of Cd and Cu in tissues. A microphotographic atlas of hematopietic tissue was also made. Cadmium and copper showed very high affinity to head kidney. Tissues of non-exposed fish contained more Cu than Cd. In the exposed fish Cu level increased slightly while concentration of Cd considerably increased. Cadmium and copper induced a big increase in frequency of apoptotic hematopoietic precursors, and proportionally lesser elevation of proliferating cells, which resulted in a reduced hematopoietic activity. Cellular composition of hematopoietic tissue also changed: an increase in blast cells, neutrophilic and monocytoid line took place, and a decrease in lymphoid precursor frequency. In blood percentage of abnormal and juvenile erythrocytes increased which indicates an accelerated cell turnover rate in intoxicated fish, which was accompanied by an increase in hemoglobin level. The most pronounced effect of Cd and Cu intoxication was a decrease in circulating neutrophils and monocytes accompanied by a strong decrease in their metabolic activity. The obtained results showed that fish hematpoietic system is sensitive to heavy metal intoxication, thus analyzis of its composition and particularly of proliferative and apoptotic activity may be used as an endpoint for evaluation of the effects of toxic compounds on fish

Effects of Oxytetracycline and Gentamicin Therapeutic Doses on Hematological, Biochemical and Hematopoietic Parameters in Cyprinus carpio Juveniles

Hematological, biochemical and hematopoietic effects of therapeutic doses of two antibiotics, oxytetracycline (OTC) and gentamicin (GEN), in clinically healthy common carp juveniles were studied. The fish were divided into four groups: controls 1 and 2 (untreated or injected with 0.6% NaCl solution), and two groups treated with antibiotics (orally with 75 mg/kg OTC four times every two days or injected with a single dose (4 mg/kg) of GEN dissolved in 0.6% NaCl). Blood and head kidneys were sampled from all fish 3 days post-treatments for hematological, biochemical and hematopoietic tissue analyses. No major alterations in the values of hematological and serum biochemical parameters occurred following administration of OTC or GEN. Glucose concentrations were significantly lower in both groups of fish subjected to injections (Control 2 and GEN), while the oxidative metabolic activity of phagocytes increased in the antibiotic-treated groups (significantly in OTC). More alterations were observed in hematopoietic tissue. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that G caused a significant increase in the rate of cell proliferation (PCNA-positive cells) and an increase in the frequency of apoptotic cells (caspase-positive). The frequency of lymphoid lineage decreased, which was related to a decrease in the abundance of mature lymphocytes in GEN-treated fish. Percentages of neutrophilic lineage were significantly elevated in OTC and GEN groups compared to controls. The obtained results showed no considerable hematotoxicity or hepatotoxicity of therapeutic doses of OTC and GEN to carp

The effects of diets containing rapeseed meal on Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) growth, muscle composition, and physiological performance

Sturgeon farming is a rapidly developing aquaculture sector which requires high-quality feeds. As an ingredient of animal feeds, fishmeal is often replaced with cheaper plant-based protein sources, such as rapeseed cake meal, a by-product of canola oil pressing. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of diets containing various levels of rapeseed cake meal on the juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) growth, hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as muscle composition. An 8-week feeding trial was conducted on fish with average body weight of 216.2 ± 45.7 g. Fish were fed diets were 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of fish meal and soybean meal were replaced with rapeseed meal (groups A, B, C, and D, respectively). Additionally in E diet (30% rapeseed meal) effects of phytase addition RENOZYME® HiPhos 20000 in concentration 2000 IU was tested. During the experiment, no mortalities were observed in each of the studied groups. Similar values of morphometric and breeding parameters were observed in groups A, B, C, D and E. No hematological effects of rapeseed diets occurred, except for significantly lower erythroblast levels in groups B, C, D, and E compared to A. Group B showed a higher plasma glucose concentration compared to the other groups. ALT activity in groups D and E were lower than in groups A, B, and C. The muscles of individuals from group B showed the highest dry matter and fat content, while the highest protein content occurred in group C. Despite significant differences in the values of some parameters, the obtained results indicate that the replacement of 10–30% of fishmeal with rapeseed meal in the feed for the juvenile Siberian sturgeon did not compromise fish survivability, growth performance, health, or body composition, although phytase addition did not improve the effects of administering rapeseed-containing feed