Performance analysis of EV for different mass distributions to ensure safe handling

AbstractCentre of gravity (CG) is one of the significant parameters of vehicle mass property related to vehicle handling. Position of CG in each direction (longitudinal, lateral and vertical) affects stability of the vehicle eventually. Change in CG position depends on different architectural arrangements of drive train and sub-systems which affect mass distribution of the vehicle. Being zero-emission technology, rapid commercialization of electric vehicle (EV) requires more emphasis on production of new automobiles and retrofitting as well. In case of retrofitting, placement of all EV drive train and other sub-systems requires both static and dynamic analysis for change in CG position due to different mass distributions. In this paper, analysis has been conducted by MATLAB SIMULINK based vehicle model to demonstrate effect of CG in vehicle maneuvering. Outcome of this investigation indicates the evaluation of different retrofitted EV architectures considering different mass distributions under the constraint of vehicle mass and dimension. This study evaluates vehicle performance with different architectures to ensure safe handling and stability in both normal and sudden maneuvering conditions of the vehicle

Identifying and capturing energy savings in an integral motor-drive system

Optimising industrial motor driven applications, when coupled with best practice motor management, can deliver more than 57 energy savings. The need for variable speed drives and their advantages are very well known, but unfortunately, the integration of the knowledge of efficient electrical motors and advantages of power electronics engineering is not well practiced by industries. It has also been observed that further saving can be achieved by integration of efficient systems. In this paper, a compact integral motor-drive unit built to operate in arduous industrial environments with optimised power consumption and best practice motor management under different load conditions is proposed. Reduction of the losses in the system provides higher efficiency and further savings to overcome heat without requirement of any additional cooling system. The critical issues such as space limitations within the existing spatial dimensions of motor, management of heat transfer from the motor to the sensitive drive control unit, management of vibration transfer to the sensitive drive control unit, management of electromagnetic interference within the unit and externally, management of other environmental effects on the sensitive drive control unit have been considered and discussed in this paper

Controlling heat, vibration and EMI in an integral motor

Controlling heat and vibration produced by the motor & variable drive systems when integrated as an integral motor are the problems affecting the reliable operation of the system. In this paper a new-generation integral motor-drive has been demonstrated, true innovation in its design and development is a technological advancement. It is a truly integrated motor-drive unit with a design to overcome heat, vibration and electromagnetic interference which are damaging to sensitive electronics without requirement of any additional cooling system. It proposes a compact unit built to operate in arduous industrial environments

Image processing for detection of Cataract, Retinopathy of Prematurity and Glaucoma

The objective of the doctoral work 'Image Processing for Detection of Cataract, Retinopathy of Prematurity and Glaucoma' performed by Arezoo Motamed Ektesabi, has been to set the basis of creating a single tool to act as a diagnostic assistive device for ophthalmologists. The research work has been conducted to assist more than 284 million people who are suffering from visual impairments, and to detect features such as Optic Disk, Macula, retinal vessels, Iris and Pupil. It has been tried to keep the proposed techniques simple, fast and highly accurate. The results indicate improvements in detection, feasibility and reliability as part of a new assistive device

Fault diagnosis of in-wheel BLDC motor drive for electric vehicle application

Permanent magnet Brushless DC (BLDC) motors have been attracted by electric vehicle (EV) manufacturers in the last decade. The paper presents a simple fault diagnosis technique to detect switch faults of three phases Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) drive of BLDC motor in a closed-loop control scheme. The proposed fault diagnosis system is capable to detect the fault occurrence, identify fault type and the faulty switch of inverter based on Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) analysis of the measured line voltages of BLDC motor. BLDC motor drive and the proposed fault diagnosis system are simulated. Simulation results were validated first by experimental data for BLDC motor operation under healthy condition. A knowledge based table is developed to identify switch faults of VSI by analyzing the simulation results under various fault conditions. The proposed fault diagnosis algorithm does not need massive computational effort and can be implemented as a subroutine with a closed-loop control algorithm of the BLDC motor on a single chip microcontroller. The obtained results show correct detection and identification of inverter switch faults in BLDC motor

Battery-to-wheel efficiency of an induction motor battery electric vehicle with CVT and adaptive control

This paper addresses inefficiencies in the power-train of an Induction Motor (IM) driven battery electric vehicle. The paper provides a new drive-train and strategy solution, and a comparative study, to demonstrate an overall battery-to-wheel efficiency gain. A continuously variable transmission is coupled with an IM drive and is simulated using an adaptive control algorithm. Battery DC-Watt hours per km driven is used to test the overall battery-to-wheel efficiency. A comparative study of battery-to-wheel efficiency is then preformed. Results of this paper show an overall increase in battery-to-wheel efficiency in the FTP-75 drive cycle when using a CVT in the two vehicles modelled

Exact pupil and iris boundary detection

In recent years, advances in medical instrumentation and detection procedures have become of significance, changing the lives of many who are affected by medical complications. This study indicates the importance of such enhancements in technology in the field of ophthalmology in general and for Cataract surgery in particular. Here, image processing is used as the detection technique to provide supplementary information to the surgeons during operation. The exact eye localization technique is of importance for further analysis, and could have a direct effect in the subsequent steps of normalization, feature extraction and matching. On the contrary to the majority of the current available procedures used to localize iris in authentication processes in biometrics, the proposed technique, aims to determine the exact iris and pupil boundaries of the eye, separation of the pupil, iris and sclera, with high speed processing, with minimum response time without losing the accuracy of the detection