Lipolytic-screening of Bacillus Genera as Biocontrol Candidate in Coffee Plantation

Problems in decreasing coffee production one of them caused by plant pests attack. Countermeasures using pesticides and disinfectants are not effective because they have long effects and ruining the environment also pest resistance. It is necessary to prevent a more environmentally friendly way by utilizing a natural enemy in the form of a microorganism, the genus Bacillus. Lipase can hydrolyze lipids so that it can be used to degrade lipid substrates that compile the body structure of pests and diseases. This research aims to detect the lipolytic activity of Bacillus isolates from coffee plantations. The results of this research obtained 3 isolates of Bacillus namely T1, T2, and T3 which have differences in cell configuration and variations in the location of endospores. Furthermore, Bacillus isolates were detected lipolytic activity by growing isolates on lipase selective medium. Isolates that have the largest lipolytic activity are T2 isolate codes with an average index of 6.01 and the lowest lipolytic activity, namely, isolate T1 codes with an average index of 4.58

The Ability of Soil Bacteria From Liwa Botanical Gardens to Produce Indole Acetic Acid Hormone (AIA)

Hormon AIA berperan besar dalam memperbesar dan memperpanjang sel, pembelahan sel, khususnya pada daerah ujung tanaman. Bakteri yang memiliki kemampuan dalam menghasilkan hormon AIA diantaranya Enterobacter sp., Azospirillum sp., Klebsiella sp., Alcaligenes faecalis, Azoarcus sp., Serratia sp., Azotobacter sp., Cyanobacteria, Erwinia herbicola, Pseudomonas sp., Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Agrobacterium tumafaciens. Sintesis AIA ini memerlukan senyawa tambahan berupa triptopan. Namun beberapa bakteri mampu memproduksi AIA tanpa penambahan prekursor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh isolat bakteri penghasil hormon AIA dari tanah Kebun Raya Liwa. Pada ini diawali dengan isolasi bakteri tanah asal Kebun Raya Liwa, selanjutnya dilakukan uji kemampuan produksi AIA secara kuantitatif tanpa penambahan triptopan. Pengujian produksi AIA secara kualitatif dilakukan dengan menggunakan media Nutrien Broth dengan metode spektrofotometri dengan penambahan reagen salkowsky dan dilakukan pengamatan setelah 72 jam inkubasi. Data yang didapatkan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 9 isolat yang mampu menghasilkan hormon AIA dengan kadar yang berbeda. Isolat penghasil AIA tertinggi yaitu isolat DT1 dengan kadar 114 ppm yang mempunyai karakteristik berbentuk bacil berwarna putih susu dan tidak berspora. AIA hormone plays a role in enlarging and elongating cells, and cell division, especially at the tip of the plant. Bacteria that have the ability to produce IAA hormones include Enterobacter sp., Azospirillum sp., Klebsiella sp., Alcaligenes faecalis, Azoarcus sp., Serratia sp., Azotobacter sp., Cyanobacteria, Erwinia herbicola, Pseudomonas sp., Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Agrobacterium tumafaciens. The synthesis of AIA requires an additional compound in the form of tryptophan. However, some bacteria can produce AIA without the addition of precursors. The goal of this study was to obtain isolates of AIA hormone-producing bacteria from the soil of the Liwa Botanical Gardens. This begins with the isolation of soil bacteria from the Liwa Botanical Gardens, then a quantitative test of AIA production capability is carried out without the addition of tryptophan. Qualitative testing of AIA production was carried out using Nutrien Broth media with spectrophotometric methods with the addition of Salkowsky reagent and observations were made after 72 hours of incubation. The data obtained are presented in tabular form. The results showed that 9 isolates were able to produce the AIA hormone at different levels. The highest AIA-producing isolate was the DT1 isolate with a concentration of 114 ppm which had the characteristics of a milky white bacillus and no spores

Detection of Nitrogenase Producing Bacteria From the Soil of Liwa Botanical Garden

Liwa Botanical Gardens is an ex-situ conservation area for various types of plants. Each plant produces organic matter that will provide nutrients for the growth of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. This indicates the existence of an environment that supports the growth of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Nitrogen is one of the nutrients needed by plants for their growth. However, the abundance of nitrogen in the atmosphere cannot be utilized directly by plants but needs to transform into ammonium and nitrate first. This transformation can be done by nitrogen-fixing bacteria through an enzymatic process. This research aims to obtain bacterial isolates that can fix nitrogen. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated using Nutrient Agar (NA) medium and furthered by nitrogenase activity detection test with semi-solid Nitrogen Free Bromothymol Blue (NFB). Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are characterized by color changes in the medium. The results obtained 22 isolates with 3 isolates detected capable of producing nitrogenase enzymes, namely TBP B3, TB1 B2, and TMA2 B2