UTILIZATION OF UNSERVICEABLE STRAWBERRIES FOR PRODUCTION OF ELLAGIC ACID AND ITS ENHANCEMENT BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER

Objective: Use of Aspergillus Niger (616) for the fabrication of ellagic acid from unserviceable strawberry as a substrate which is readily and chiefly available from Agro-industries and farm waste.Methods: The ellagic acid content was determined by HPLC method which shows a higher concentration of ellagic acid (143.085+1.669 ppm) after fermentation of 96 h at 35 °C. DPPH assay was carried out for antioxidant activity of ellagic acid.Results: Results designated that ellagic acid has higher antioxidant activity as compared with ascorbic acid.Conclusion: Existing study exposes that this agro waste and farm waste can be used at commercially for the production of ellagic acid which has enormous medicinal properties.Keywords: Ellagic acid, Raw strawberry, DPPH assay, Aspergillus Niger, Fermentation, and HPL

The HASHTAG Project: The First Submillimeter Images of the Andromeda Galaxy from the Ground

Observing nearby galaxies with submillimeter telescopes on the ground has two major challenges. First, the brightness is significantly reduced at long submillimeter wavelengths compared to the brightness at the peak of the dust emission. Second, it is necessary to use a high-pass spatial filter to remove atmospheric noise on large angular scales, which has the unwelcome side effect of also removing the galaxy's large-scale structure. We have developed a technique for producing high-resolution submillimeter images of galaxies of large angular size by using the telescope on the ground to determine the small-scale structure (the large Fourier components) and a space telescope (Herschel or Planck) to determine the large-scale structure (the small Fourier components). Using this technique, we are carrying out the HARP and SCUBA-2 High Resolution Terahertz Andromeda Galaxy Survey (HASHTAG), an international Large Program on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, with one aim being to produce the first high-fidelity high-resolution submillimeter images of Andromeda. In this paper, we describe the survey, the method we have developed for combining the space-based and ground-based data, and we present the first HASHTAG images of Andromeda at 450 and 850 μm. We also have created a method to predict the CO(J = 3–2) line flux across M31, which contaminates the 850 μm band. We find that while normally the contamination is below our sensitivity limit, it can be significant (up to 28%) in a few of the brightest regions of the 10 kpc ring. We therefore also provide images with the predicted line emission removed

Maternal, dominance and additive genetic effects in Nile tilapia; influence on growth, fillet yield and body size traits

There are only few studies of dominance effects in non-inbred aquaculture species, since commonly used mating designs often have low power to separate dominance, maternal and common environmental effects. Here, a factorial design with reciprocal cross, common rearing of eggs and subsequent lifecycle stages and pedigree assignment using DNA microsatellites was used to separate these effects and estimate dominance (d2) and maternal (m2) ratios in Nile tilapia for six commercial traits. The study included observations on 2524 offspring from 155 full-sib families. Substantial contributions of dominance were observed (P < 0.05) for body depth (BD) and body weight at harvest (BWH) with estimates of d2 = 0.27 (s.e. 0.09) and 0.23 (s.e. 0.09), respectively in the current breeding population. In addition the study found maternal variance (P < 0.05) for BD, BWH, body thickness and fillet weight explaining ~10% of the observed phenotypic variance. For fillet yield (FY) and body length (BL), no evidence was found for either maternal or dominance variance. For traits exhibiting maternal variance, including this effect in evaluations caused substantial re-ranking of selection candidates, but the impact of including dominance effects was notably less. Breeding schemes may benefit from utilising maternal variance in increasing accuracy of evaluations, reducing bias, and developing new lines, but the utilisation of the dominance variance may require further refinement of parameter estimates.publishedVersio

EFFECT OF COMPRESSION RATIO ON ENERGY AND EMISSION OF VCR DIESEL ENGINE FUELLED WITH DUAL BLENDS OF BIODIESEL

In recent 10 years biodiesel fuel was studied extensively as an alternative fuel. Most of researchers reported performance and emission of biodiesel and their blends with constant compression ratio. Also all the research was conducted with use of single biodiesel and its blend. Few reports are observed with the use of variable compression ratio and blends of more than one biodiesel. Main aim of the present study is to analyse the effect of compression ratio on the performance and emission of dual blends of biodiesel. In the present study Blends of Jatropha and Karanja with Diesel fuel was tested on single cylinder VCR DI diesel engine for compression ratio 16 and 18. High density of biodiesel fuel causes longer delay period for Jatropha fuel was observed compare with Karanja fuel. However blending of two biodiesel K20J40D results in to low mean gas temperature which is the main reason for low NOx emission