UTJECAJ HRANIDBE LIŠĆEM MEKSIČKOG SUNCOKRETA (Tithonia diversifolia, Hemsley, A. Gray) NA PROIZVODNE REZULTATE BROJLERSKIH PILIĆA

One hundred and fifty (150) white one-day old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allocated to five experimental diets of thirty birds each. The first diet was the standard (basal) starter and finisher diet and served as control. The other rations contained 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% Mexican sunflower leaf (MSL) as graded replacement (w/w) for maize and soya meal. The study investigated the performance and haematological responses of the birds to the diets. Mexican sunflower leaf meal supplementation did not improve performance characteristics over basal diets and significantly (p<0.05) retarded feed intake, growth rate, feed conversion except for its inclusion at 5.0%, while haematological parameters were significantly (p<0.05) enhanced except for eosinophil and lymphocytes concentration. Mexican sunflower leaf is therefore a promising feed ingredient that could be cheaply incorporated into poultry rations at 5.0% level when conventional feeds are inadequate.150 jednodnevnih Arbor Acres brojlerskih pilića nasumce je podijeljeno u pet pokusnih hranidbenih tretmana s po 30 pilića u svakom. Prvi hranidbeni tretman činile su standardne (osnovne) početna i završna krmna smjesa koje su predstavljale kontrolu. Ostali hranidbeni tretmani sadržavali su 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 i 10% lišća meksičkog suncokreta kao zamjenu za kukuruz i sojinu sačmu. U radu je ispitivan utjecaj hranidbenih tretmana na proizvodne rezultate i hematološke promjene kod pilića. Dodatak brašna lišća meksičkog suncokreta u obroku više od 5% nije poboljšalo rezultate u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu i značajno je (p<0.05) smanjilo konzumaciju hrane, stopu rasta i konverziju hrane, dok su hematološki pokazatelji bili značajno poboljšani (p<0.05) osim koncentracije eozinofila i limfocita. List meksičkog suncokreta je stoga obećavajući sastojak koji se može jeftino umiješati u obroke peradi na razini od 5% kada su uobičajena krmiva nedostatna

An Analysis of the Federal Budgeting Process in Nigeria: Implications for Institutional Reforms for Acheiving Timeliness.

The paper is an analysis of the federal budget process in Nigeria. It brings to the fore the nagging issue of late budget submission by the executive to the National Assembly and the attendant weak budget performance. The paper reiterates the importance of government budgetting in setting priorities and influencing the economy and thus posits that the ability to make timely and sensible fiscal choices is one of the hallmarks of good governance. Incidentally, timely budgeting is far from the norm in Nigeria and the extant laws are unable to address this important fiscal challenge. Unlike other papers on the subject matter, this analysis advances a framework that makes it easier to identify the avenues through which the Executive (President) or the Parliament can and do bungle the various elements of the budget process. The paper concludes by proffering institutional reforms that will correct the identified lapses if timeliness is to be achieved in the budgeting process thus, making budget implementation effective. Keywords: Budgeting Process, Institutional Reforms, Timeliness, Nigeria

Machine Tool Characteristics

Cutting tool characteristics were examined with respect to the effects of the machine controlled parameters and tool geometry on cutting phenomenon. This subject has been a matter of prolonged interest to machine tool designers and users alike as it is the basis on which tool life and hence general metal cutting economics are evolved. Most previous research works concentrated on temperature generation usually without recourse to the combined effects of the machine controlled parameters and tool geometry. This missing link is supplied in this work. Basically, the findings in this work show that the cutting speed has a great influence on the forces and temperature and hence on tool life as well as the machining economics. The feed has similar but less influence on these quantities. The cutting efficiency expressed as compression ratio is also influenced by both the speed and feed. However, the influences of speed and feed on the compression ratio are in opposing directio

Monte Carlo Simulation of Bottomhole Coordinates in Directional Drilling

Increasing interest is now focused on directional survey and on the uncertainty inherent in the calculation of the bottom hole coordinates because many wells are drilled from offshore platforms and urban drill sites. These uncertainties may result from errors due to the limitation on instrument accuracy, unconcentric positioning of the tools with the borehole and may include reading errors. It is therefore necessary to develop methods for determining the cumulative effect of these errors on the bottomhole coordinates and reducing such effects. In this study, Monte Carlo simulation method is adopted as a technique of achieving this objective. The inclination angle, Ii and the azimuthal angle, Ai are treated as random variables with their associated probability density function P(Ii) and P(Ai) respectively. These represent the distributions of the potential survey measurements in a given well. The parameter Si which represents the linear segment constituting the curvilinear axis of the wellbore is treated deterministically since its values can be measured accurately. Treating Ii and Ai as random variables in a wellbore model is justified by the fact that both of them, though deterministic, can hardly ever be measured accurately in any subsurface survey. The results of the study show that the probability of the estimated bottomhole positions being true is nearly unity for vertical well and slightly less for directional well

Modelling the Long Run Determinants of Foreign Portfolio Investment in Nigeria

This study tries to ascertain the long run determinants of foreign portfolio investment (FPI) in Nigeria such thatappropriate policies will be pursued to attract same in the long run. FPI has grown recently in proportion relative toother types of capital inflows to Nigeria before the wake of global financial crisis. Incidentally, there is no empiricalregularity regarding the determinants of FPI. This study tries to add to the stock of knowledge by modelling thelong-run determinants of FPI in Nigeria over the period of 1981-2010 converted into quarterly series. The variablesconsidered are, market capitalization, real exchange rate, real interest rate, real gross domestic product and tradeopenness. The study applies time series analysis specifically the finite distributed lag model and discovers that FPIhas a positive long-run relationship with market capitalization, and trade openness in Nigeria. Ongoing effortstherefore to sanitize the capital market should be vigorously pursued.Keywords: Nigeria, Foreign Portfolio Investment, macroeconomic variables

Revenue Implications of Nigeria’S Tax System

This is a study of the properties of the Nigeria’s tax system particularly the bases of the company income tax, valueadded tax and personal income tax. The results indicate that their bases are not stable (not persistent and volatile).However, while the bases of the company income tax and personal income tax are more sensitive to cyclical swings(current state of the economy over time), that of the value added tax (VAT) is not. The policy implications of thesefindings support the recent government tax policy reform of a shift in focus in the tax system from direct taxation toindirect taxation. With the tax base of VAT being insensitive to the current state of the economy, the revenuetherefrom will not drop sharply when the economy slows down. It will also shield the government from budgetaryshortfalls as it will likely cushion against sharp declines in aggregate tax revenues.Keywords: Tax System, Company Income Tax, Value Added Tax, Personal Income, Tax Policy, Nigeria

Machinery and Equipment Valuation

Valuation (appraisal) gives an unbiased opinion of value or other physical attributes of identified property. Value, on the other hand, is the monetary worth of property, goods or services. The Machinery and Technical Specialties (MTS) Committee of the American Society of Appraisers (ASA) established methods for valuation of property including machinery and equipment. These methods conform to the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP). Valuation of property and indeed machinery and equipment is necessary for various purposes including ownership change, partnerships, mergers and acquisitions. The Industrial Inspectorate Department (IID) of the Federal Ministry of Industry in conformity with the Institute of Appraisers and cost Engineers (IACE) of the Nigerian Society of Engineers (NSE) Internalized the valuation process in carrying out the mandate of determining the investment valuation of capital undertakings with the view to issuing acceptance certificate for capital allowance purposes and certificate of value for equity contribution. This paper sets out to streamline the various valuation methods as a way of complementing the existing valuation process. The application of a combination of these valuation methods is recommended to arrive at an unbiased opinion of value of any property and indeed machinery and equipmen

Appraising three (3) decades of aquacultural development in Imo state

A survey was carried out to appraise the level of aquacultural development in the last 30 years in Imo State, South eastern, Nigeria. The study was conducted by the use of questionnaires and visits to fish farms in all the three senatorial zones of the State namely; Okigwe, Orlu and Owerri. Data collected revealed that 79.49% of the farms were owned by individuals while values of 12.82%, 5.13% and 2.56% represents government, community and cooperative ownership respectively. However, 17.95% of ponds were established between 1978-1988 while 46.15% represents fish ponds established between years 1998-2008 . Earthen ponds were commonest with pond areas varying between 400-10,000m2

Pharmaceutical Industry in Uganda: A Review of the Common GMP Non-conformances during Regulatory Inspections

The prevalence of substandard medicines in Africa is high but not well documented. Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) are likely to face considerable challenges with substandard medications. Africa faces inadequate drug regulatory practices, and in general, compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) in most of the pharmaceutical industries is lacking. The majority of pharmaceutical manufacturers in developing countries are often overwhelmed by the GMP requirements and therefore are unable to operate in line with internationally acceptable standards. Non-conformances observed during regulatory inspections provide the status of the compliance to GMP requirements. The study aimed to identify the GMP non-conformances during regulatory inspections and gaps in the production of pharmaceuticals locally manufactured in Uganda by review of the available 50 GMP reports of 21 local pharmaceutical companies in Uganda from 2016. The binary logistic generalized estimating equations (GEE) model was applied to estimate the association between odds of a company failing to comply with the GMP requirements and non-conformances under each GMP inspection parameter. Analysis using dummy estimation to linear regression included determination of the relationship that existed between the selected variables (GMP inspection parameters) and the production capacity of the local pharmaceutical industry. Oral liquids, external liquid preparations, powders, creams, and ointments were the main categories of products manufactured locally. The results indicated that 86% of the non-conformances were major, 11% were minor, and 3% critical. The majority of the non-conformances were related to production (30.1%), documentation (24.5%), and quality control (17.6%). Regression results indicated that for every non-conformance under premises, equipment, and utilities, there was a 7-fold likelihood of the manufacturer failing to comply with the GMP standards (aOR=6.81, P=0.001). The results showed that major non-conformances were significantly higher in industries of small scale (B=6.77, P=0.02) and medium scale (B=8.40, P=0.04), as compared to those of large scale. This study highlights the failures in quality assurance systems and stagnated GMP improvements in these industries that need to be addressed by the manufacturers with support from the regulator. The addition of risk assessment to critical production and quality control operations and establishment of appropriate corrective and preventive actions as part of quality management systems are required to ensure that quality pharmaceuticals are manufactured locally