The Influence of Fermentation TIME in the Physical and Chemical Composition of Fermented Soybean Husk by Using Aspergillus Niger on the Quality of Raw Feed Materials

Soybean husk (Glycine max L. Merrill) a soybean processing waste as raw material for tempe obtained after the process of boiling and soaking soybeans. The main problem in the use of soybean husk (Glycine max L. Merrill) as feed material is its crude fiber content which is fairly high. This study aimed to observe the fermented soybean husk using Aspergillus Niger to improve the quality of the raw feed materials. This was conducted by using completely randomized design (CRD) analysis and repeated three times; the time optimization of Aspergillus Niger in 2, 4, and 6 days based on chemical analyses (moisture, protein, fat, ash, crude fiber and feed containing carbohydrates (NFE) and physical assessment fermentation (smell, texture, moisture and hyphae) were analyzed descriptive qualitatively. The results showed that 4 days fermentation of soybean husk using A. Niger is successful gives the highest score based on physical characteristics texture, aroma, moisture, and the formed hyphae and the most effective treatment for decrease in crude fiber is 13% and increase in NFE contained in the largest on 4 days fermented soybean husk by Aspergillus Niger with a long time 4 days

Dried Skeletonema Costatum in Feed Formulation for the Growth of Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect and the best dosage used by the Skeletonema costatum in feed formulation on the growth of Vaname shrimp. This experiment used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications. Treatment was given by using dried S. costatum in feed formula (iso protein 37% and iso energy 3.6 kkal/g feed). Feed treatment was the substitution of fish meal protein A = 0%, B = 2.5%, C = 5% and D = 7.5% with dried S. costatum protein. The observed parameters include Survival Rate (SR), Survival Growth Rate (SGR), Feed Efficiency Ratio (FER), and Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER). The results showed that the use of dried S. costatum in feeding are effective in increasing the specific growth rate, feed efficiency ratio and the ratio of protein efficiency than controls. The best dosage in feeding formula is ranged from 4.39% to 4.75%

Chaetoceros Ceratosporum Diatomae in Feed Formula to Increase Growth and Post Larvae Immunity of Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus Monodon Fab.) to Vibrio Harveyi Infection

This experiment aims to determine the effect and the best dose of Chaetoceros ceratosporum diatomae utilization in feed formula for post larvae of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fab.) growth and immunity to Vibrio harveyi infection. This research applied Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment use Chaetoceros ceratosporum diatomae in feed formula (iso protein 39.02% and iso energy 3.58 kcal/g diet) in different doses, i.e. treatment A = 0 %; B = 3.04 %; C = 6.0 8%; D = 9.12 %. Observed parameters were Survival Rate, Growth Rate, Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) and Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER). Result showed that Chaetoceros ceratosporum diatomae utilization in feed formula affect the increase of growth and immunity of post larvae of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fab.) to Vibrio harveyi infection. The best dose in feed formula ranged from 5,75% – 5,95%

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN TEPUNG SILASE DAUN MENGKUDU (Morinda citrifolia) DALAM FORMULA PAKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN IKAN SIDAT (Anguilla bicolor) STADIA ELVER

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan dosis terbaik penggunaan tepung silase daun Mengkudu (M. citrifolia) dalam formula pakan terhadap pertumbuhan ikan Sidat (A. bicolor) stadia elver. Penelitian dibagi menjadi dua tahap, tahap pertama formulasi pakan percobaan, dan tahap kedua uji in vivo/uji formula pakan percobaan skala laboratorium pada ikan Sidat. Pelaksanaan penelitian tahap 1 adalah membuat formula pakan iso protein (40% ) dan iso energi (3.600 kkal/kg pakan) dengan memanfaatkan tepung silase daun Mengkudu sesuai perlakuan, menggunakan metode lembar kerja. Penelitian tahap 2 berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga ulangan. Empat perlakuan substitusi protein tepung silase daun Mengkudu terhadap protein tepung ikan yang berbeda, meliputi perlakuan A 0%(0:100); B 10%(10:90); C 20%(20:80) dan D 30%(30:70). Parameter utama adalah kelulushidupan (survival rate), laju pertumbuhan spesifik (specific growth rate), rasio konversi pakan (feed convertion ratio) dan rasio efisiensi protein (protein efficiency ratio). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan tepung silase daun Mengkudu dalam formula pakan berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter laju pertumbuhan spesifik, rasio konversi pakan dan rasio efisiensi protein. Dosis terbaik tepung silase daun Mengkudu  mensubstitusi protein tepung ikan dalam formula pakan sebesar 14,71 – 15% yang menghasilkan nilai laju pertumbuhan spesifik 0,72 %BB/hari, rasio konversi pakan 3,38, dan rasio efisiensi protein 0,718.Kata kunci: formula pakan, silase daun Morinda citrifolia, Anguilla bicolo

ICP11 as Biomarker for WSSV Disease in Litopenaeus vannamei

Environmental pollution could directly reduce water quality for shrimp cultivation. This study aims to determine how the environmental quality, shrimp population and genetic characteristics of shrimp that live in polluted waters in shrimp ponds in East Java associated with WSSV disease that often attacks on cultivated shrimp. The method used was a descriptive exploratory. Data collection was collected by observation and interview with farmers on disease history. Water was sampled for water quality study and characterize its suitability for shrimp cultivations. Shrimps were also sampled for morphological and genetical study for its susceptibility of WSSV. All samples were taken every week during shrimp cultivation in Malang ans Gresik. Morphological study using scoring method to determine the disease stages on shrimp, while for genetical study using specific primer for ICP11 for WSSV detection, since ICP 11 is expressed when WSSV infection is occur. Samples were taken from 2 shrimp ponds in South Malang and Gresik. The overall water quality is good, except for NO2 and TOM in both seawater shrimp ponds which higher than the freshwater/estuary shrimp ponds. Light infections of WSSV were detected in all seawater ponds both in morphology and genetics. However, in the freshwater/estuary pond only shrimps from freshwater/estuary Gresik which showing light WSSV infection genetically, but not in the morphological signs. Early disease detection is important to control the disease spread