Clinical and anamnestic analysis of in-patients with COVID-19 infection hospitalized during one month

Aim to analyze the clinical and anamnestic data of the patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 who were hospitalized in the emergency department of the designated COVID-19 hospital of the Clinics of Samara State Medical University during one month and to compare the results with published registries data. Material and methods. A retrospective anonymous data sample included patients hospitalized in the emergency department of the designated hospital of the Clinics of Samara State Medical University during a calendar month (01.03.202131.03.2021) with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. A total of 126 patients (57.9% women) were included in the study, the average age was 65.912.8 years. Results. Statistically significant differences (p0.05) in age and body mass index, as well as in the proportion of obese patients were obtained depending on the gender of the patients. Almost every hospitalized person had at least one comorbidity, among which the diseases of the cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract prevailed. In general, the obtained data are comparable with the international registries. The differences can be explained by the fact that there were no universal criteria for inclusion, except for the confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, in the analyzed data samples. Conclusion. The high frequency of some diseases makes it possible to significantly expand the possibilities of analysis and increase the reliability in identifying the causes affecting the prognosis in a particular region. The clinical and anamnestic features of a patient may allow individualizing the prognostic assumptions

Composition and Properties of Fine-grained Concrete for Self-cleaning Coatings

The paper considers the dependences of the properties of self-cleaning fine-grained concrete on the composition of the concrete mixture: the ratio of sand to white Portland cement, the content of plasticizer, the content of photocatalytic composite material. The photocatalytic composite material (PCM) is a diatomite-based anatase-silica material obtained by sol-gel deposition of nanoscale TiO2 of anatase modification on a silica carrier. The investigated properties of fine-grained concrete were: average density, compressive strength and self-cleaning ability, which was determined by evaluating the photocatalytic decomposition of an organic dye – Rhodamine B. It was shown that an increase in the content of PCM to increase the ability of the coating to self-cleaning leads to a loosening of the structure of fine-grained concrete, but this can be successfully offset by an increase in the content of plasticizer, which additionally improves the distribution of the photocatalytic agent in the cement-sand matrix. An increase in the proportion of sand and the content of plasticizer also contribute to an increase in the ability to self-cleaning. The pozzolan activity of the PCM provides an increase in the strength of concrete. The results of comparing the self-cleaning ability of fine-grained concrete of various compositions indicate a high photocatalytic activity of samples with PCM, which allows its application for creating self-cleaning coatings

Composition and Properties of Fine-grained Concrete for Self-cleaning Coatings

The paper considers the dependences of the properties of self-cleaning fine-grained concrete on the composition of the concrete mixture: the ratio of sand to white Portland cement, the content of plasticizer, the content of photocatalytic composite material. The photocatalytic composite material (PCM) is a diatomite-based anatase-silica material obtained by sol-gel deposition of nanoscale TiO2 of anatase modification on a silica carrier. The investigated properties of fine-grained concrete were: average density, compressive strength and self-cleaning ability, which was determined by evaluating the photocatalytic decomposition of an organic dye – Rhodamine B. It was shown that an increase in the content of PCM to increase the ability of the coating to self-cleaning leads to a loosening of the structure of fine-grained concrete, but this can be successfully offset by an increase in the content of plasticizer, which additionally improves the distribution of the photocatalytic agent in the cement-sand matrix. An increase in the proportion of sand and the content of plasticizer also contribute to an increase in the ability to self-cleaning. The pozzolan activity of the PCM provides an increase in the strength of concrete. The results of comparing the self-cleaning ability of fine-grained concrete of various compositions indicate a high photocatalytic activity of samples with PCM, which allows its application for creating self-cleaning coatings

Multifunctional Anatase–Silica Photocatalytic Material for Cements and Concretes

The purpose of this research was to study the influence of multifunctional anatase–silica photocatalytic materials (ASPMs) with various photocatalytic and pozzolanic activities on the properties of white portland cement and fine-grained concrete. ASPMs were synthesized by a sol–gel method, during which the levels of photocatalytic and pozzolanic activity were regulated by a certain amount of solvent. ASPMb, obtained with the use of a smaller amount of solvent, was characterized by increased pozzolanic activity due to the lower degree of coating of the surface of diatomite particles with titanium dioxide and the higher content of an opal–cristobalite–tridymite-phase and Bronsted acid sites. They promoted the reaction of diatomite with portlandite of cement stone and allowed significant decreases in the strength of cement–sand mortar to be avoided when replacing 15% of the cement with ASPMs. This allowed self-cleaning fine-grained concrete to be produced, which, after forced carbonization, simulating the natural aging of the product during operation, retained the ability of self-cleaning without changes. ASPMc, produced with the use of a larger amount of solvent with a more uniform distribution of titanium dioxide on the surface of diatomite, allowed fine-grained concrete with a high self-cleaning ability to be obtained, but with a lesser manifestation of the pozzolanic effect

State environmental expertise of Lake Baikal: Problems, risks, solutions

In recent years, Russia problems of protection of Lake Baikal are actualized in the matter of the possible negative impact of global climatic changes, international and national economic processes of human impacts. The importance of lake Baikal as a natural heritage recognized in international and Russian law, its status is enshrined in several legal and policy documents, but there is however a number of unresolved regulatory matters. The study of features of international legal status of lake Baikal and the specifics of international legal influence on the development of national legislation on Baikal particularly true in light of the increasing relevance of issues of international legal regulation of water use, which in recent years has become of utmost importance in the system of international relations.En los últimos años, los problemas de Rusia de protección del lago Baikalse actualizan en la cuestión del posible impacto negativo de los cambios climáticos mundiales, los procesos económicos internacionales y nacionales de los impactos humanos. La importancia del lago Baikal como patrimonio natural reconocido en la legislación internacional y rusa, su estado está consagrado en varios documentos legales y de política, pero hay, sin embargo, una serie de cuestiones regulatorias sin resolver.El estudio de las características del estatus legal internacional del lago Baikaly los detalles de la influencia legal internacional sobre el desarrollo de la legislación nacional en Baikal es particularmente cierto a la luz de la creciente relevancia de las cuestiones de regulación legal internacional del uso del agua, que en los últimos años se ha convertido de suma importancia en el sistema de relaciones internacionale

Municipal land ownership: Features of implementation

In the current conditions of the development of municipal relations, the right to own land acquires more and more turnover in the sphere of local self-government.  A legal fact or, more often, the actual composition is the initial basis for the emergence of the right of municipal property to a plot of land. Municipal ownership of land is also a system of relations for the appropriation of land by the population of municipalities. Along with state ownership of land, municipal ─ a kind of public property. The right of municipal property to land is the exclusive right of local communities to exercise the powers of possession, use, disposal and other legal powers of the owner in relation to lands. Both directly and through local governments, municipal enterprises, institutions and organizations. Law scholars note the existence of a dualistic nature of municipal property that combines features of state and group ownership.En las condiciones actuales del desarrollo de las relaciones municipales, el derecho a poseer adquisiciones de tierras. Un hecho legal o, más a menudo, la composición real es la base inicial para el surgimiento del derecho de propiedad municipal. La propiedad municipal de la tierra es también un sistema de relaciones para la apropiación de la tierra por parte de la población de los municipios. Junto con la propiedad estatal de la tierra, municipal ─ un tipo de propiedad pública. El derecho de propiedad municipal a la tierra el derecho de los municipios a ejercer los poderes de posesión, uso, disposición y otros poderes legales del propietario en relación con las tierras. Tanto directamente como a través de gobiernos locales, empresas municipales, instituciones y organizaciones. Los eruditos de la ley notan la existencia de una naturaleza dualista de la propiedad municipal

Obtaining and Properties of a Photocatalytic Composite Material of the “SiO2–TiO2” System Based on Various Types of Silica Raw Materials

Compositions and technology for obtaining a photocatalytic composite material (PCM) by deposition of titanium dioxide particles synthesized by the sol–gel method on a silica support of various types (microsilica, gaize and diatomite) have been developed. The properties (chemical and mineral composition, dispersion, specific surface area, porosity, ζ-potential, acid–base properties, and microstructure) of microsilica, gaize and diatomite were studied to assess the effectiveness of using a photocatalytic agent as a carrier. In terms of specific viscosity (ηsp = 45), the concentration of the precursor (tetrabutoxytitanium—TBT) is set at 22 vol. % in a solvent (ethanol), at which it is possible to obtain the maximum amount of dissolved film oligomer without the formation of an aggregate-like precipitate. Modification of the reaction mixture (precursor: ethanol = 1:3) by replacing part of the solvent with a Span-60 surfactant/TBT = 1–1.1 made it possible to obtain polydisperse titanium dioxide particles with peak sizes of 43 nm and 690 nm according to laser granulometry data. Taking into account the interaction of titanium complexes with the surface of a silica support, a phenomenological model of the processes of structure formation of a photocatalytic composite material is proposed. By the value of the decomposition of rhodamine B, the photocatalytic activity of the developed composite materials was determined: PCM based on diatomite—86%; PCM based on microsilica—85%; PCM based on gaize—57%

Relationship of Russian and international judicial practices on cases on violations of environmental rights

Every year, environmental problems are getting more acute.  Natural and human-induced changes - climate change, improper use of natural resources and pollution of territories, lead to violations of environmental protection and human rights.  Many environmental offenses and crimes are committed, and as a result, there is an increasing number of regulatory frameworks and judicial practices concerning this issue, both at the state and international levels. In order to properly understand the concepts of environmental rights and environmental offenses, it is necessary to consider the practice of Russian and international courts, to identify similarities and differences in their positions, and to identify the grounds for establishing responsibility for these violations.  Keywords: Lake Baikal, ecology, law, influence, human.Cada año, los problemas ambientales se vuelven más agudos. Los cambios naturales y antropogénicos: el cambio climático, el uso indebido de los recursos naturales y la contaminación de los territorios, dan lugar a violaciones de la protección del medio ambiente y los derechos humanos. Se han cometido muchos crímenes y delitos ambientales y, como resultado, existe un número cada vez mayor de marcos normativos y prácticas judiciales sobre este tema, tanto a nivel estatal como internacional. Para entender adecuadamente los conceptos de derechos ambientales y delitos ambientales, es necesario considerar la práctica de los tribunales rusos e internacionales, identificar similitudes y diferencias en sus posiciones e identificar los motivos para establecer la responsabilidad por estas violacione

Hepatoprotective Activity of Lignin-Derived Polyphenols Dereplicated Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, In Vivo Experiments, and Deep Learning

Chronic liver diseases affect more than 1 billion people worldwide and represent one of the main public health issues. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) accounts for the majority of mortal cases, while there is no currently approved therapeutics for its treatment. One of the prospective approaches to NAFLD therapy is to use a mixture of natural compounds. They showed effectiveness in alleviating NAFLD-related conditions including steatosis, fibrosis, etc. However, understanding the mechanism of action of such mixtures is important for their rational application. In this work, we propose a new dereplication workflow for deciphering the mechanism of action of the lignin-derived natural compound mixture. The workflow combines the analysis of molecular components with high-resolution mass spectrometry, selective chemical tagging and deuterium labeling, liver tissue penetration examination, assessment of biological activity in vitro, and computational chemistry tools used to generate putative structural candidates. Molecular docking was used to propose the potential mechanism of action of these structures, which was assessed by a proteomic experiment