Serum protein and enzyme levels in rats following administration of antioxidant vitamins during caffeinated and non-caffeinated paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity

The effects of caffeinated and non-caffeinated paracetamol administration, with or without vitamins A and E supplementation on the protein and enzyme levels in Wistar albino rats were investigated using cafeinated paracetamol and paracetamol as caffeinated and non-caffeinated paracetamol respectively, and water soluble acetic acid derivatives of vitamins A and E. Serum AST, ALT and ALP levels (u/l) significantly increased (

Phytochemical Screening Of Activity Directed Extracts A Of Vernonia Amygdalina Leaves

Fractionation of the crude ethanolic extract of vernonia amygdalina using organic solvents of increasing polarities yielded activity directed fractions of benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, methanol and residue E. Phytochemical screening of the fractions show that there were significant differences (p≤0.05) qualitatively in the levels of tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, saponins and alkaloids in the various fractions. While the benzene extract had very low levels of tannins, saponins and alkaloids, the ethyl acetate fraction had low levels of tannins and terpenoids as well as very low levels of flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, and alkaloids. The butanol fraction had a high level of tannins, low level of flavonoids and saponins while the methanol fraction had high levels of tannins and flavonoids as well as low levels of cardiac glycosides, saponins and alkaloids with a very low level of terpenoids. The water soluble residue E had very high levels of tannins, a high level of saponins, low levels of alkaloids and very low levels of flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and terpenoids. Phytochemical content of the various fractions increased with increasing polarities of the organic solvent used. The relatively high Phytochemical content of the butanol, methanol and residue E fractions may be exploited for medicinal purposes

Effect of alcohol and kolanut interaction on biochemical indices of neuronal gene expression in wistar albino rats.

Effect of alcohol and kolanut interactions on biochemical indices of neuronal gene expression in Wistar albino rats was studied. Thirty Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups of five (5) rats per group. The control group (1) received via oral route a placebo (4ml of distilled water). Groups 2 - 6 were treated for a period of 21-days with (10% v/v) 50mg/kg body weight of alcohol, 50mg/kg body weight of kolanut, 50mg/kg body weight of caffeine, 50mg/kg body weight of alcoholand 50mg/kg body weight of kolanut, and 50mg/kg body weight of alcohol and 50mg/kg body weight of caffeine in 4.0ml of the vehicle via gastric intubation respectively. One day after the final exposure,the brain of each rat was harvested and processed to examine several biochemical parameters, i.e., total protein, DNA, RNA and protein/RNA ratios. The status of neuronal gene expression was monitoredthrough assessment of these parameters. The results showed that alcohol-kolanut co-administration decreased brain total protein, DNA, RNA levels and protein/RNA ratios, and inhibited gene expression.These effects, in turn, inhibited DNA transcription, MRNA splicing and protein synthesis, and polypeptide expression, which are necessary for the growth, development, differentiation and cell survival

Effect of caffeine -coconut products interactions on induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes in wistar albino rats

Effect of caffeine-coconut products interactions on induction of drug-metabolizing enzyme in wistar albino rats was studied. Twenty rats were randomly divided into four groups: The control group (1) received via oral route a placebo (4.0ml of distilled water). Groups 2 to 4 were treated for a 14-day period with 50mg/kg body weight of caffeine, 50mg/kg body weight of caffeine and 50mg/kg body weight of coconut water, and 50mg/kg body weight of caffeine and 50mg/kg body weight ofcoconut milk in 4.0ml of the vehicle via gastric intubation respectively. One day after the final exposure, the animals were anaestheticized by inhalation of an overdose of chloroform. The blood of each rat was collected by cardiac puncture while the liver of each rat was harvested and processed to examine several biochemical parameters, ie, total protein and RNA levels, protein/RNA ratios, and activities of alanine and aspartate amino transferase (ALT and AST, respectively). The results showed that while ingestion of coconut milk and coconut water increased the values of protein and protein/RNA ratios, it decreased alanine and aspartate amino transferase (ALT and AST) activities.These effects, in turn, enhanced the induction of the metabolizing enzymes and a resultant faster clearance and elimination of the caffeine from the body, there by reducing the toxic effect on the liver