Ovariektomi pada Tikus dan Mencit

Rattus (tikus) merupakan binatang percobaan yang umum dipakai dalam penelitian ilmiah. Hewan ini sudah diketahui sebagian besar sifat-sifatnya, mudah dipelihara, dan merupakan hewan yang relatif cocok untuk berbagai penelitian (Arrington, 1972). Tikus digunakan untuk uji coba tentang makanan dan defisiensi zat makanan pada semua jenis hewan termasuk manusia. Lama hidup tikus dapat mencapai umur 3,5 tahun, dengan kecepatan tumbuh 5 g per hari. Dibanding dengan tikus lain, tikus laboratorium lebih cepat dewasa, tidak memperlihatkan perkawinan musiman, dan lebih cepat berkembang biak. Berat badan tikus dewasa mencapai 450 g (Malole & Pramono, 1989)

Aerobic Exercise in Covid-19 Pandemic For A Better Cardiovascular, Respiration, and Body Immunity System

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is attacking several characteristics of the population. It has been identified that those at higher risk of exposure to COVID-19 are the elderly, patients with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus, patients with many risk factors and/or have been diagnosed cardiovascular disease, and patients with respiratory diseases. The effects of aerobic exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic need to be systematically structured so that accurate and valid information is delivered, is the aim of this paper. According to the guidelines, aerobic exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic has many benefits, including to improve the performance of the cardiovascular system, to maintain and enhance the performance of the respiratory system and the immune system. Hence, it will have an impact on the individual quality of life, the quality of life increases, people can live a healthy life even during the COVID-19 pandemic

Eight Sessions of High Intensity Interval Physical Exercise Lowering the Stomach Circumference of Obese Adult Women Sedenter

Gaya hidup sedentary adalah gaya hidup yang dikaitkan dengan pola makan yang tidak sehat dan kurangnya aktivitas fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis latihan fisik intensitas tinggi pada interval interval (HIIT) untuk perubahan denyut nadi istirahat dan lingkar perut pada wanita dewasa muda yang kelebihan berat badan dengan gaya hidup sedentary. Subjeknya banyak 20 orang berusia 21-30 tahun menjadi 2 kelompok. Kelompok perlakuan dengan melakukan HIIT dan kelompok kontrol tanpa melakukan HIIT. Latihan fisik dengan intensitas 90% dari denyut jantung aksial (HRmax), pada interval. Latihan dilakukan dengan mengayuh ergocycle selama 10 detik dengan kecepatan 100 rpm dan 50 detik dengan kecepatan 50 rpm, dilakukan secara bergantian (interval), dengan total waktu 20 menit. Latihan dilakukan 3x/minggu atau sebanyak 8 sesi dalam 3 minggu. Data dalam penelitian ini diambil sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan, berupa denyut nadi istirahat (HR istirahat) dan lingkar perut (LP) yang diukur pada posisi sejajar pusar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan nilai rata-rata HR istirahat antar kelompok (p≥0,05), sedangkanLP menunjukkan bahwa ada penurunan yang signifikan pada kelompok HIIT (p<0,05). Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah HIIT efektif menurunkan lingkar perut kelompok perlakuan dan juga memiliki kecenderungan menurunkan rata-rata HR istirahat

Fundamental Movement Skill Approach to CombatChildhood Obesity in Surabaya, Indonesia: Potential Effects of Video Games Based Exercises (Exergaming)

The study aims to observe the effect of moderate intensity exergaming on mastering of fundamental movement skill and reduction in body mass index (BMI) in overweight and obese children in Surabaya, Indonesia. The participants were 17 primary school students, aged 6-12 years. All participants had a BMI above percentile 85 (overweight and obese) and performed 12 sets of moderate intensity exergaming for four weeks, 3x/week, 30-40 minutes/session. The variables were fundamental movement skill, body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, and prediction energy expenditure. They were taken 3 days prior first exercise (pre-test) and after last exercise (post-test) except for energy expenditure. Prediction of energy expenditure were taken in first and last of exergaming session. The result showed, there was improvement in component jumping of fundamental movement skill, but not in others component. There were also significant decline on body weight, BMI, and body fat percentage, but not in energy expenditure. The conclusion of this research is the regular moderate intensity exergaming for 4 weeks can help children to improve their fundamental movement skill and reduce BMI

Pemasyarakatan dan Pelatihan Olahraga Adaptif Pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus

Inclusive children or children with special needs are those who have abnormalities in the process of growth or development; which can be physical, mental-intellectual, social, or emotional. The World Health Organization predicts that around 7% of the world's total children population is inclusive children. Exercise that are adapted and modified according to their needs, the type of abnormality and the ability of inclusive children are able to improve motor and sensory abilities so that they will improve their quality of life. The purpose of this activity is to increase the knowledge and skills of parents with inclusive children in implementing adaptive exercise for their children. The method used was seminar and training. Activity evaluation was carried out using questionnaire to observe the increase of knowledge. This activity was attended by 31 parents and 31 inclusive children, with the highest parents’ age range in 31-40 years, which is mothers 38.7%; 41.9% father. The age of expecting mothers of inclusive children mostly ranges from 31-40 years (35.5%). Increased knowledge about child development was 31% (pretest 68, posttest 91.8) and increased knowledge about adaptive sports was 72.18% (pretest 49.6, posttest 85.4)

High-intensity interval training improves physical performance without C-reactive protein (CRP) level alteration in overweight sedentary women

A sedentary lifestyle is associated with an unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity. This study aimed to analyze the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on changes in VO2max and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in overweight young adult women with a sedentary lifestyle. The subjects included 20 women who were 21–30 years old and divided into 2 groups, a treatment group (performed HIIT) and a control group. Physical exercise (bicycle) included an intensity of 90% of the maximum heart rate (HRmax) with intervals. The exercise was carried out by pedaling an ergocycle for 10 s at a speed of 100 rpm and 50 s at a speed of 50 rpm intermittently for a total of 20 min. Exercise was performed 3×/week or 8 sessions in 3 weeks. The measured variables included VO2max and CRP level. These were taken before (pre) and after (post) treatment. VO2max was measured by the Astrand–Rhyming Test with a bicycle ergometer, and CRP was analyzed using the ELISA method. In addition, the changes in VO2max and CRP levels were also calculated. These results showed that the VO2max after treatment with HIIT (35.2±2.12 ml/kg/min) was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to the control (28.9±2.58 ml/kg/min). The CRP levels (ng/mL) in the control was increased, and it tended to decrease with HIIT; however, this difference was not significant (p≥0.05). This study concludes that bicycling HIIT can improve the VO2max and decrease the serum CRP level in overweight young adult women who lead a sedentary lifestyle

Determiner of Poor Sleep Quality in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Links to Elevated Diastolic Blood Pressure, hs-CRP, and Blood-count-based Inflammatory Predictors

BACKGROUND: Sleep deprivation is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) via sympathetic overstimulation and systemic inflammation in general population. However, the significance of poor sleep quality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is still underexplored.METHODS: This study assessed the sleep quality of 39 with non-dialysis CKD (ND CKD) patients and 25 hemodialysis CKD (HD CKD) patients using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Poor sleeper was defined as individual with PSQI > 5.RESULTS: The prevalence of poor sleeper (30% vs. 60%, p=0.029) and the cummulative PSQI (ND CKD 4.5±4.4, HD CKD 8±6, p=0.038) are different between ND CKD and HD CKD groups. Among the ND CKD, there are association between short sleep duration (< 5 hours per day) with elevated diastolic blood pressure groups (r=0.421, p<0.05); habitual sleep efficiency with platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (r= 0.532, p<0.0001); daytime dysfunction with increased hs-CRP (r=0.345, p=0.032) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (r=0.320, p=0.046). In HD CKD group, a requirement to use sleep medication was associated with elevated highsensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level (r=0.434, p=0.030) and decreased monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (r=- 0.410, p=0.042); daytime dysfunction was associated with serum hs-CRP (r=0.452, p=0.023).CONCLUSION: This study revealed that some features of poor sleep quality in CKD patients including low sleep efficiency, daytime dysfunction and requirement to use sleep medication were associated with increased diastolic blood pressure, hs-CRP and blood-count-based inflammatory predictors. Thus, this finding prompt to pay closer attention to sleep complaints in the management of CVD risk factors in CKD patients.KEYWORDS: sleep quality, chronic kidney disease, blood pressure, inflammatio

Intermittent Physical Training Decreases Peak of Blood Glucose Level after Meals in Rats

Abstract: Some people prefer doing exercise following the intermittent model while others prefer the continuous one . However, it is still unclear which is the best one for blood glucose regulation. This study was carried out to determine the difference between the changes in blood glucose levels after doing physical exercise for the intermittent and the continuous model. The subject was male adult rats divided into 3 groups: control, continuous, and intermittent, 5 rats in each group. The rats swam in moderate intensity every day for 8 weeks. The results showed that the control group had the highest results of the peak (30 minutes) blood glucose levels after meals followed by the other 2 groups The results of the intermittent group had a significant peak in blood glucose levels 30 minutes after meals (p <0.05). Also the differences in blood glucose 30 minutes and 60 minutes after meals in the intermittent and continuous groups were significantly different than the control group (p <0 .05). During the 8 weeks of moderate physical exercise every day, it can be assumed that there was more insulin secretion to reduce peak blood glucose levels after meals. The lower blood glucose difference at 30 minutes and 60 minutes after meals of both the continuous and intermittent groups compared with the control group indicates that glucose uptake by cells is better in those groups . In conclusion, our data support the benefit of intermittent and continuous exercise training for the optimal regulation of blood glucose levels. The intermittent model also has more effect on the peak phase of blood glucose level after meals

Meta-analysis of cardiac markers for predictive factors on severity and mortality of COVID-19

Objectives Previous observational studies have suggested that increased cardiac markers are commonly found in COVID-19. This study aimed to determine the relationship between several cardiac markers and the severity/mortality of COVID-19 patients. Methods Several cardiac markers were analysed in this meta-analysis. RevMan 5.4 was used to provide pooled estimates for standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals. Results Twenty-nine clinical studies were included in this meta-analysis. Significantly higher CK-MB (0.64, 95% CI = 0.19–1.09), PCT (0.47, 95% CI = 0.26−0.68), NT-proBNP (1.90, 95% CI = 1.63–2.17), BNP (1.86, 95% CI = 1.63−2.09), and d-dimer (1.30, 95% CI = 0.91−1.69) were found in severe compared with non-severe COVID-19. Significantly higher CK-MB (3.84, 95% CI = 0.62−7.05), PCT (1.49, 95% CI = 0.86−2.13), NT-proBNP (4.66, 95% CI = 2.42−6.91), BNP (1.96, 95% CI = 0.78−3.14), troponin (1.64 (95% CI = 0.83−2.45), and d-dimer (2.72, 95% CI = 2.14−3.29) were found in those who died from compared with survivors of COVID-19. Conclusions High CK-MB, PCT, NT-proBNP, BNP, and d-dimer could be predictive markers for severity of COVID-19, while high CK-MB, PCT, NT-proBNP, BNP, troponin, and d-dimer could be predictive markers for survival of COVID-19 patients

Adverse Cardiac Events Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination

Abstract Context: Although have been proven able to control the prevalence of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines are reported to have possible side effects on the heart. Aims: To know the magnitude of adverse events in the cardiac after messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-based vaccination. Methods: An electronic search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Ebsco/Cinahl was performed. The keywords were: “COVID-19 vaccine”, “SARS-CoV-2 vaccine”, “myocarditis”, “myopericarditis”, “pericarditis”, “myocardial infarction”, and “myocardial injury”. The electronic search was updated until March 2022. STATA/MP Statistical Software: Release 14 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, Texas) was used in this study to perform a meta-analysis of a random-effect for myocarditis, pericarditis, myocarditis, myocardial infarction, and myocardial injury. Results: Twenty-one case reports/case series studies with a total of 62 individuals who had been vaccinated against COVID-19 mRNA (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna) were included in the systematic review. Whereas seven observational cohort studies had 170,053,333 people who had been vaccinated, 245 of whom had myocarditis. In addition, two observational cohort studies with 13,948,595 vaccinated individuals, 16 of whom developed pericarditis. There was only one observational cohort study that had a total of 7,183,889 people who had been vaccinated and 11 had myopericarditis. Based on the pooled incidence, the result is <0.002%. Conclusions: The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines have a low incidence of myocarditis. Men are more likely to develop post-COVID-19 myocarditis with an average age of 22 years and in the age range of 21-40 years. The type of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine that causes myocarditis the most is Pfizer. The diagnosis of myocarditis is mostly made by troponin examination. COVID-19 mRNA vaccination has a low incidence of myocarditis