Acondicionamiento del museo nacional de ciencias naturales, salas de paleontología Madrid-España

After a brief introduction which explains the characteristics of the professional commission, it is analysed, under the point of view of the historic events in the country, the evolution of the building patterns of the time based in the use of iron and in the appearance of the first Science and Nature Museums, till both converge in the birth of this building. A description as a whole lead to lie this reform on the west side, showing the original constructive characteristics before the procedure and to allow through analysis to describe the philosophy of the arrangement, in order to recuperate the primitive space container Afterwards, a description of the works manager of that idea is made paying special attention on the structural studies and with an important graphic information.Tras una breve introducción que marca las peculiaridades del encargo, se procede a analizar, a la vista de los acontecimientos históricos del país, la evolución de los modelos edificatorios de la época basados en la utilización del hierro, y la creación de los primeros Museos de Ciencias Naturales, hasta converger ambos con el nacimiento de este edificio. Una descripción del conjunto conduce a ubicar esta reforma en el ala longitudinal oeste, describiéndose las características constructivas existentes antes de la actuación, y dando pie para, en base al análisis, describir la filosofía del acondicionamiento, justificando las actuaciones en base a la recuperación del contenedor primitivo. Posteriormente se realiza la descripción de la ejecución de la idea mencionada, haciendo hincapié en los estudios estructurales realizados, y acompañando todo el conjunto con una información gráfica

Contemporary use of cefazolin for MSSA infective endocarditis: analysis of a national prospective cohort

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the real use of cefazolin for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infective endocarditis (IE) in the Spanish National Endocarditis Database (GAMES) and to compare it with antistaphylococcal penicillin (ASP). Methods: Prospective cohort study with retrospective analysis of a cohort of MSSA IE treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Outcomes assessed were relapse; intra-hospital, overall, and endocarditis-related mortality; and adverse events. Risk of renal toxicity with each treatment was evaluated separately. Results: We included 631 IE episodes caused by MSSA treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Antibiotic treatment was cloxacillin, cefazolin, or both in 537 (85%), 57 (9%), and 37 (6%) episodes, respectively. Patients treated with cefazolin had significantly higher rates of comorbidities (median Charlson Index 7, P <0.01) and previous renal failure (57.9%, P <0.01). Patients treated with cloxacillin presented higher rates of septic shock (25%, P = 0.033) and new-onset or worsening renal failure (47.3%, P = 0.024) with significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality (38.5%, P = 0.017). One-year IE-related mortality and rate of relapses were similar between treatment groups. None of the treatments were identified as risk or protective factors. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cefazolin is a valuable option for the treatment of MSSA IE, without differences in 1-year mortality or relapses compared with cloxacillin, and might be considered equally effective