Effect of Cola nitida on immediate post moderate-exercise cardiopulmonary response in young adult male

The study aimed at evaluating post-exercise cardiopulmonary responses in young adult males who masticated and ingested Cola nitida prior to moderate exercise. The cardiopulmonary responses studied were heart rate, pulse pressure and respiratory rate. A total of 20 apparently healthy male volunteers were studied. They were subdivided into 4 subgroups A, B, C and D. The subjects in Group A served as control and were not given Cola nitida, while the subjects in groups B, C and D were given 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg of Cola nitida respectively. Prior to the exercise baseline cardiopulmonary parameter were recorded using standard clinical methods. The subjects subsequently chewed and ingested appropriate doses of Cola nitida. Ninety minutes post ingestion; they warmed up for 5 minutes and then mounted the threadmill at an inclination of 2% at 5mph for 30 minutes. Thereafter the immediate cardiopulmonary responses such as pulse rate, pulse pressure and respiratory rate were recorded one minute post exercise. Results were presented as Mean ± SD and analyzed using appropriate ANOVA with post hoc Tukey HSD test and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Overall, Cola nitida potentiated (p < 0.05) the percentage increase in cardiopulmonary responses observed in this study. However, irrespective of the dose of Cola nitida ingested the percentage increase in pulse rates were not different (p > 0.05) amongst test groups. Cola nitida increases the post-moderate-exercise pulse rate, pulse pressure and respiratory rate in young male adults.Keywords: exercise, cola nitida, cardiopulmonary, young mal

Urea and Creatinine Clearances in the Three Trimesters of Pregnancy

The aim of this study was to determine the creatinine and urea clearances, as indices of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) during the three trimesters of pregnancy. A total of 108 healthy subjects between the ages of 18 and 37years were divided into non-pregnant women (28+5years, n=30), 1st trimester of pregnancy (28+5years, n=18), 2nd trimester of pregnancy (28+4years, n=30). Serum and urine samples were collected at mid-trimester period. Creatinine and urea concentrations in serum and urine were determined using Jaffe’s method for creatinine and the urease (Ccr) and urea clearance (Uurea) in the three trimesters when compared with the non-pregnancy value. The increase in creatinine clearance peaked in the second trimester (64.76+1.37 (non-pregnancy vs. 2nd trimester), while the increases of 34.50+3.68ml/min (non-pregnancy vs. 1st trimester), and 38.63+1.56 (nonpregnancy vs. 3rd trimester) were similar. These increases in Ccr were associated with a significant fall (