A Possible Analysis of High-Potassium Induced Contracture of Visceral Muscles

High-K induced contractures of various types of visceral muscles were analyzed. In the preparations which showed spontaneous contractions, it was required to reconstract the contrature curves using the values measured from true base line ; the true base line was determined by the removal of Ca from incubating medium in the present experiments. The reconstracted (corrected) curve of taenia coli and of ureter could be analyzed into three components of contraction; the first phasic, the second transient and the third sustained components. The curve obtained from stomach muscle was composed of two (the first phasic and the third sustained) or three components as possible analysis. Vas deferens showed a contracture composed of the first phasic and the third sustained components. The outer layer of esophagus (striated muscle) showed only a phasic contraction in response to high-K. Possible mechanisms of these components were discussed in relation to the roles of Ca

Ultrastructural Differences Between Longitudinal and Circular Muscle Cells of the Guinea Pig Stomach

The ultrastructure of the longitudinal and circular muscle cells of the guinea pig stomach, known to display different contractile responses, was compared. The longitudinal muscle layer consisted of about 20 layers of smooth muscle cells and the extracellular space occupied about 12.1% of the cross sectional area. The circular muscle layer consisted of closely packed muscle bundles arranged side by side. The extracellular space within the bundle represented about 4.4% of the cross sectional area. Nexuses were consistently found in the circular muscle layer but could not be found in the longitudinal muscle layer. Numbers of both mitochondria and microtubules per unit area of smooth muscle cell were larger in the longitudinal than in the circular muscle. The cell area occupied by the sarcoplasmic reticulum was about 4.7% in the longitudinal muscle cell, twice as much as in the circular muscle cell (2.3%). Numbers of caveolae per micrometer of the cell perimeter were almost the same in both tissues. There were approximately 25 and 50 thick filaments per 0.5 μm2 of cytoplasmic area in the longitudinal and circular muscle cell, respectively. A lower pH fixative (cacodylate, pH 6.6) gave a better contrast of specimens than other fixatives used, and an organic buffered (PIPES) fixative led to a more regular arrangement of myofilaments. But the characteristic distribution of the thick filaments between both muscles was not different among the specimens fixed with these fixatives

Effects of Temperature on Electrical and Mechanical Activities of Guinea Pig Ureter

The action potential and contraction of the smooth muscle at various temperatures were observed using guinea pig ureter. The contraction height was not significantly altered by the change in the temperature between 20 and 36℃, while the time course of the contraction was greately slowed at lower temperatures. The plateau potential and the number of the spike potential in the action potential decreased and the duration of the action potential and membrane resistance increased at low temperature. Though the changes in the time course of the contraction can be explained mainly by the changes in the contractile reaction of the muscle protein and by the change in the relaxing activities of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and/or of the muscle membrane, the changes in the electrical activities of the muscle membrane should also be taken into consideration

A New Colorimetrical Determination of Cholinesterase

1. We conducted additional research of Hesterin\u27s method and made improvements on reagents. 2. Utilizing Hesterin\u27s method we were able to verify various factors in biological determinations and have arrived at a conclusion that the method can be brought to use. 3. We established a method of quantitative determination on ChE and determined ChE value of two or three animal tissues. 4. The new method on ChE determinanion shows results parallel to Ammon\u27s method

モラエス ノ ニワ : 6 モラエス ノ メ : トクシマ ノ フウケイ

This paper is part of the results from the social action activities financed by the Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, and Tokushima University, 2015. The activities are mainly focused on the reevaluation by public lectures and other exhibitions of Wenceslau de Moraes 1854-1929, a Portugal naval officer and consul general who lived and died in Tokushima. This is also part of the outcomes of the Project Studies by Moraes’s Studies Group launched on July 31, 2010. The members of Moraes’s Studies Group, T. Miyazaki (English Literature, Comparative Literature), E. Ishikawa (German Literature, Comparative Literature), M. Satoh (Plant Physiology), M. Sakai (Clinical Psychology), all at the Institute of Socio-Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University, have been continuing to try to analyze Moraes’s works and to approach new facets of Moraes’s biographical aspects. Moraes was fascinated by the far-east Japan and fell in love with Ó-Yoné, who died soon after the marriage. After her death, Moraes decided to live in Tokushima, which was Ó-Yoné’s hometown. He lived with Ko-Haru, Ó-Yoné’s niece, for a while until she died from tuberculosis at the age of 21. His life until his death in Tokushima was a kind of a hermit, disregard of his fame as Consul General and Navy high-rank Officer of Portugal, and other financial merits entailed with them. Moraes published O ‟Bon-odori„ em Tokushima in 1916 after Ó-Yoné died, and Ó-Yoné é Ko-haru afterwards. In both works Moraes depicted Tokushima landscape and everyday things in general which his eyes caught through his keen sensitivity. He worshipped Japan’s unique beautiful landscape, but he was disappointed at the rapidly westernized aspects of large cities like Kobe, Osaka and Tokyo. He had been, in a sense, allured and attracted by the old and beautiful landscape through the writings by his foregoing visitors to Japan. His choice of Tokushima as his residence for his remaining days might be considered to search for the old and traditional beautiful aspects of Japan that seemed to him to be remaining in a local city like Tokushima far away from the large cities. Moraes’s sense of beauty through his eyes to Tokushima landscape may lead us Japanese to consider our identity in this now globalized society

ヘイセイ 25ネンド トクシマ ダイガク ソウゴウ カガクブ ガクブチョウ サイリョウ ケイヒ ソウゴウ カガクブ ソウセイ ケンキュウ プロジェクト ジッセン ホウコク グローバリズム ト モラエス : モラエス ガ セカイ 二 ヒロゲタ トクシマ ノ シゼン ヒト ココロ ノ サイコウチク

This report is a record of the activities in 2013 of Moraes’s Studies Group launched in July 31, 2010. The members of Moraes’s Studies Group, T. Miyazaki (English Literature, Comparative Literature), E. Ishikawa (German Literature, Comparative Literature), M. Satoh (Plant Physiology), M. Sakai (Clinical Psychology), all at the Institute of Socio-Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, have been continuing analytical research on Moraes’s works and trying to open new facets of Moraes’s biographical aspects, including the activities of organizing exhibitions and lectures on Moraes. As the basic activities we organized and have been organizing regular meetings every month or every two months, reading Moraes’s O ‟Bon-odori„ em Tokushima, Ó-Yoné e Ko-Haru, and Relance da Alma Japonesa. Our activities are still going on and developing with the cooperation with other local groups in Tokushima and Kobe

モラエス ノ ニワ : 4 セイ エノ マナザシ シ エノ マナザシ

This paper is an essay on Moraes’s O ‟Bon-odori„ em Tokushima and Ó-Yoné e Ko-haru, part of the outcomes of the Project Studies by the activities in 2013 of Moraes’s Studies Group launched in July 31, 2010. The members of Moraes’s Studies Group, T. Miyazaki (English Literature, Comparative Literature), E. Ishikawa (German Literature, Comparative Literature), M. Satoh (Plant Physiology), M. Sakai (Clinical Psychology), all at the Institute of Socio-Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, have been continuing to try to analyze Moraes’s works and to approach new facets of Moraes’s biographical aspects. Moraes was fascinated by the far-east Japan, and fell in love with Ó-Yoné, who died soon after the marriage. After her death Moraes decided to live in Tokushima, which was Ó-Yoné’s hometown. He lived with Ko-Haru, Ó-Yoné’s niece, for a while until she died from tuberculosis at the age of 21. His life until his death in Tokushima was a kind of hermit, disregard of his fame as Consul General and Navy high-rank Officer of Portugal, and other financial merits entailed with them. Moraes published O ‟Bon-odori„ em Tokushima in 1916 after Ó-Yoné died, and Ó-Yoné e Ko-haru afterwards. This work might be regarded as based on the forms of diary and essay, seemingly as reports from Tokushima to Bento Carqueja, editor of Comércio do Porto (Porto Commercial Newspaper) in Portugal. He consistently wrote these installment reports from Tokushima in the eyes of a stranger, putting some distance between him and the people in there. Everything seen in the eyes of Moraes wore some beautiful visional aspect because of his memory of Ó-Yoné. He expressed his thoughts on life and death throughout O ‟Bon-odori„ em Tokushima and Ó-Yoné e Ko-haru with fragmentary memories of his own as objective correlatives for the readers of his writings. This paper is based on the presentation in the Symposium at the 49^ Annual Conference of Japan Comparative Literature Association Kansai Branch held at the Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, here in Tokushima

ヴェンセスラウ・デ・モラエスの日本語会話能力 : 会話能力の検証および会話内容からみえる人物像について

A Portuguese writer Wenceslau de Moraes spent his later life in Japan since 1897; he never left Japan until 1929 when he died. It is said that his speaking ability of Japanese language was not good although he lived in Japan more than thirty years. In this study, we investigated his speaking ability of Japanese based on the written memories of those who had direct discourse with him. The records of his speech were limited to the memories of his neighbors, a Buddhist nun who regularly came to his house, and a newspaper reporter from Osaka who interviewed him. Except for the words of affirmation or denial, the word that appeared most frequently in his speech was "kawaisou” or “kinodoku” that means “pity” (“piedade” in Portuguese). “Piedade” is the important key word of his masterpiece Ó-Yoné e Ko-Haru. In the preface to the book he quoted the sentence “A litteratura do futuro será a Litteratura da piedade” from Pierre Loti’s work, and he wrote Ó-Yoné e Ko-Haru as a literature of pity. Therefore, his deep sympathy for vulnerable and oppressed existence was the propensity of his character shown in both his works and his real life. “Kawaii / kawairashii” (lovely) and “shinsetsu” (kind) are also the words he used frequently in his conversation with his neighbors. As for the grammar of Japanese language, Moraes did not seem to have mastered postpositional particles and conjugation of verbs. Two persons referred to his speaking ability of Japanese as follows: a newspaper reporter who interviewed Moraes wrote that “he speaks in simple Japanese” in his article, and a pastor who sometimes visited Moraes’s house said that “his Japanese was not good, but he spoke familiar Japanese slowly”. The reason why Moraes’s Japanese did not improve is said that he did not want to associate with intellectual people here in Tokushima. On the other hand, he greeted familiarly and often exchanged gifts with his neighbors. He pointed out that Japanese people is a pleasant neighbor in his work Relance da Alma Japoneza, and he also tried to be a good neighbor to those he knew as well. There would have been no need for a formal and complicated conversation for him for that purpose

ヘイセイ 26ネンド トクシマ ダイガク ソウゴウ カガクブ ブキョクチョウ サイリョウ ケイヒ ソウゴウ カガクブ ソウセイ ケンキュウ プロジェクト ジッセン ホウコク グローバリズム ト モラエス : モラエス ガ セカイ 二 ヒロゲタ トクシマ ノ シゼン ヒト ココロ ノ サイコウチク

This report is a record of the activities in 2014 of Moraes’s Studies Group launched on July 31, 2010. The members of Moraes’s Studies Group, Takayoshi Miyazaki (English Literature, Comparative Literature), Eisaku Ishikawa (German Literature, Comparative Literature), Masaya Satoh (Plant Physiology), Mtohiro Sakai (Clinical Psychology), all at the Institute of Socio-Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University, have been continuing analytical research on Moraes’s works and trying to open new facets of Moraes’s biographical aspects, including the activities of organizing exhibitions and lectures on Moraes. As the basic activities we organized and have been organizing regular meetings every month or every two months, having read Moraes’s O ‟Bon-odori„ em Tokushima, Ó-Yoné e Ko-Haru, and now reading Relance da Alma Japonesa. Our activities are still going on and developing with the cooperation with other local groups in Tokushima and Kobe, and also developing by visiting Leiria, Coimbra and Lisbon in Portugal in March 2015

A Report of the Project Studies in 2016 : Regional revitalization project through W. de Moraes

　This report is a record of the social action activities of Moraes Studies of Tokushima University between April 2016 and March 2017 financed by the Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University. Moraes Studies Group, launched on July 31, 2010, the members of which are Takayoshi Miyazaki (English Literature, Comparative Literature), Eisaku Ishikawa (German Literature, Comparative Literature), Masaya Satoh (Plant Physiology), Mtohiro Sakai (Clinical Psychology), all in that time at the Institute of Socio-Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University, has been continuing analytical research on Moraes’s works and trying to open new facets of Moraes’s biographical aspects, along with the social action activities of organizing exhibitions and lectures on Moraes with other related groups in Tokushima. 　As the basic activities, we held regular meetings nine times during that time, and we read and discussed the Moraes’s last work “Relance da Alma Japonesa”. We also held two regional revitalization events, one was a lecture on Fado entitled “Fado and Amália Rodorigues” with Prof. Mauro Neves as a guest lecturer, and the other was the cinema viewing party of “A Ilha dos Amores”, which is the movie about Moraes’s life, with Yoko Otake as a guest speaker. She was a secretary of the producer of this movie, and she told about many interesting episodes in producing the movie in Japan and in here Tokushima