3 research outputs found
High-Accuracy Contact Resistance Measurement Method for Liquid Metal by Considering Current-Density Distribution in Transfer Length Method Measurement
Liquid metals (LMs)
are used as stretchable conductors in various
stretchable electronic devices. Moreover, such devices using Ga-based
LMs have attracted considerable attention. Herein, we propose a method
for accurately determining the contact resistance (Rc) between galinstan and Cu electrodes by considering
the current-density distribution in transfer length method (TLM) measurement.
Conventional TLM measurements assume that the sheet resistance of
the metal electrode (Rshe) is negligible
compared with that of the object (Rsho), such as Si. However, this assumption may be problematic because
the Rsho of Ga-based liquid metals (LMs)
is close to the Rshe. Therefore, we developed
a method of applying current to each measuring electrode and compared
it with the conventional method of applying current to the outer electrodes.
Simulation results indicated that Rshe cannot be ignored for galinstan, and the measured resistance in
the contact area (RcTotal)
included Rc component when
current was applied to the outer electrodes. In contrast, RcTotal included the entire Rc component when current was applied to each
electrode. Furthermore, we found that the volume resistances of the
object and electrode included in RcTotal cannot be ignored. Therefore, for accurate measurement,
current must be applied to each electrode, and Rc must be determined from the intersections of the measured
and simulated RcTotal. The
obtained contact resistivity (ρc), i.e., the contact
resistance per unit contact area, was 0.115 mΩ·mm2. The maximum error was 0.085 mΩ·mm2, which
was lower than the ρc of the solders (≥10–1 mΩ·mm2) with the lowest ρc among the electrical interface materials between the electronic
components and wiring. This study provides valuable insight into the Rc measurement of LMs, along with new opportunities
for the development of stretchable electronics using LMs
Micropatterning of Multiple Photonic Colloidal Crystal Gels for Flexible Structural Color Films
We
herein report the micropatterning of flexible multiple photonic
colloidal crystal gels (PCCGs) using single-layered microchannels.
These patterned PCCGs exhibit structural colors that can be tuned
by adjustment of the diameter and concentration of the colloidal particles
in precursor solutions of <i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM)
or polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA). The precursor solutions
containing dispersed colloidal particles were selectively injected
into single-layered microchannels where they polymerized rapidly.
The shape, density, and height of the patterned PCCG pixels were determined
by the microchannels, which in turn determined the optical properties
of the PCCG arrays. Furthermore, the preparation of three different
types of PCCGs exhibiting three different structural colors at a high
pixel density was demonstrated successfully using the single-layered
polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannels. Finally, the optical reflective
properties and the mechanical flexibility of the patterned multiple
PCCG arrays were evaluated. We expect that our method for the preparation
of such patterned PCCG arrays will contribute to the development of
flexible optical devices