ヒガシ オングルトウ サン ザクロイシ ニ ツイテ

The sample was collected by Prof. Torii of Chiba University. Its colour is reddish brown and translucent and it forms a somewhat elongated crystal. It shows a few cracks and is brittle. Observed under the microscope, the greater part of the thin sections is quite homogeneous, but the bottom part of the crystal contains very small amount of hornblende, limonite and albite. We select its homogeneous part for our study. The following result were obtained: S.G. 3.954±0.005 a_0 11.530 Å (lattice constant) nNa 1.778±0.002 Si0_2 40.02% Al_20_3 21.90 Fe_20_3 1.53 FeO 21.34 CaO 5.20 MgO 8.94 K_20 0.01 Na_20 0.06 H_20^- 0.18 H_20^+ - Ti0_2 0.06 P_20_5 0.00 MnO 0.93 SrO 0.00 Total 100.17% F 0.002% Less 0 for F: 0.001% Rb and Li were detected by spectrochemical analysis, but Cr was not detected and, therefore, uvarovite-component is absent. Other rarer elements were not found. From the result of chemical analysis the authors studied its garnet-components and obtained the following results: Almandite 47.64% Andradite 4.59% Pyrope 35.49% Grossularite 10.10% Spessartite 2.18% By Boeke\u27s classification this constitution belongs to pyralspite

HbA1c and telemedicine during COVID-19

Aims/Introduction: To investigate whether the COVID-19 pandemic affected behavioral changes and glycemic control in patients with diabetes and to conduct a survey of telemedicine during the pandemic. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 2,348 patients were included from 15 medical facilities. Patients were surveyed about their lifestyle changes and attitudes toward telemedicine. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were compared among before (from June 1 to August 31, 2019) and in the first (from June 1 to August 31, 2020) and in the second (from June 1 to August 31, 2021) year of the pandemic. A survey of physician attitudes toward telemedicine was also conducted. Results: The HbA1c levels were comparable between 2019 (7.27 ± 0.97%), 2020 (7.28 ± 0.92%), and 2021 (7.25 ± 0.94%) without statistical difference between each of those 3 years. Prescriptions for diabetes medications increased during the period. The frequency of eating out was drastically reduced (51.7% in 2019; 30.1% in 2020), and physical activity decreased during the pandemic (48.1% in 2019; 41.4% in 2020; 43.3% in 2021). Both patients and physicians cited increased convenience and reduced risk of infection as their expectations for telemedicine, while the lack of physician–patient interaction and the impossibility of consultation and examination were cited as sources of concern. Conclusions: Our data suggest that glycemic control did not deteriorate during the COVID-19 pandemic with appropriate intensification of diabetes treatment in patients with diabetes who continued to attend specialized diabetes care facilities, and that patients and physicians shared the same expectations and concerns about telemedicine

Garnet from East Ongul Island in the Antarctic Region

The sample was collected by Prof. Torii of Chiba University. Its colour is reddish brown and translucent and it forms a somewhat elongated crystal. It shows a few cracks and is brittle. Observed under the microscope, the greater part of the thin sections is quite homogeneous, but the bottom part of the crystal contains very small amount of hornblende, limonite and albite. We select its homogeneous part for our study. The following result were obtained: S.G. 3.954±0.005 a_0 11.530 Å (lattice constant) nNa 1.778±0.002 Si0_2 40.02% Al_20_3 21.90 Fe_20_3 1.53 FeO 21.34 CaO 5.20 MgO 8.94 K_20 0.01 Na_20 0.06 H_20^- 0.18 H_20^+ - Ti0_2 0.06 P_20_5 0.00 MnO 0.93 SrO 0.00 Total 100.17% F 0.002% Less 0 for F: 0.001% Rb and Li were detected by spectrochemical analysis, but Cr was not detected and, therefore, uvarovite-component is absent. Other rarer elements were not found. From the result of chemical analysis the authors studied its garnet-components and obtained the following results: Almandite 47.64% Andradite 4.59% Pyrope 35.49% Grossularite 10.10% Spessartite 2.18% By Boeke's classification this constitution belongs to pyralspite

Salicylic Acid and a Chitin Elicitor Both Control Expression of the CAD1 Gene Involved in the Plant Immunity of Arabidopsis.

The Arabidopsis mutant cad1 (constitutively activated cell death 1) shows a phenotype that mimics hypersensitive response (HR)-like cell death. The CAD1 gene, which encodes a protein containing a domain with significant homology to the MACPF (membrane attach complex and perforin) domain of complement components and perforin, is likely to control plant immunity negatively and has a W-box cis-element in its promoter region. We found that expression of the CAD1 gene and other W-box containing genes, such as NPR1 and PR2, was promoted by salicylic acid (SA) and benzothiadiazole (BTH) as a SA agonist. The CAD1 gene was also stimulated by a purified chitin oligosaccharide elicitor (degree of polymerization = 8). This latter control was not under SA, because CAD1 expression was not suppressed in 35SnahG transgenic plants, which are unable to accumulate SA. These expression profiles were confirmed by promoter analysis using pCAD1::GUS transgenic plants. The CAD1 expression promoted by BTH and the chitin elicitor was not suppressed in the npr1 mutant, which is insensitive to SA signaling. These results indicate that the CAD1 gene is regulated by two distinct pathways involving SA and a chitin elicitor: viz., SA signaling mediated through an NPR1-independent pathway, and chitin elicitor signaling, through an SA-independent pathway. Three CAD1 homologs that have multiple W-box elements in their promoters were also found to be under the control of SA

Enhancement of MAMP signaling by chimeric receptors improves disease resistance in plants

Plants activate defense responses through the recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Recently, several pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) have been identified in plants, paving the way for manipulating MAMP signaling. CEBiP is a receptor for the chitin elicitor (CE) identified in the rice plasma membrane and XA21 is a member of the receptor-like protein kinase (RLK) family that confers disease resistance to rice bacterial leaf blight expressing the sulfated protein Ax21. To improve resistance to rice blast, the most serious fungal disease of rice, we aimed to create a defense system that combines high affinity of CEBiP for CE and the ability of XA21 to confer disease resistance. Cultured rice cells expressing the chimeric receptor CRXA, which consists of CEBiP and the intracellular region of XA21, induced cell death accompanied by an increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species after exposure to CE. Rice plants expressing the chimeric receptor exhibited more resistance to rice blast. Engineering PRRs may be a new strategy in molecular breeding for achieving disease resistance

Localized expression of the Dwarf14-like2a gene in rice roots on infection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and hydrolysis of rac-GR24 by the encoded protein

Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that control diverse aspects of the shoot and root growth and are exuded into the soil as recruitment signals for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. SL signaling in plants is transduced via the α/β-hydrolase receptor Dwarf14 (D14). The D14 family consists of D14, Dwarf14-like (D14L), and Dwarf14-like 2 (D14L2) clades in rice. The D14L receptor is known to condition pre-symbiotic perception of AM fungi. In this study, it was found that the Dwarf14-like2a (D14L2a) gene expression was significantly induced by AM fungal colonization. The transcript of D14L2a appeared not only in mature arbuscule-containing cells but also in epidermal/cortical cells at an early colonization stage and near the elongating intercellular hyphae. D14L2a transcript was detected normally in mycorrhizal roots of str1-2 mutant that form stunted arbuscules, suggesting that the gene expression is independent of arbuscule development. Moreover, the recombinant D14L2a protein exhibited hydrolase activity of synthetic SL, rac-GR24. Based on these results, we discussed the role of D14L2 in the establishment of AM symbiosis