Occupational Deprivation in Adolescents from Low-Income and Food Insecure Homes: A Screening Tool and After School Program

Adolescents who experience food insecurity are exposed to an increased risk of health disparities related to cognitive, psychosocial, and physical functioning (Cook & Frank, 2007). Each of these domains of functioning impacts occupational performance in all roles that an adolescent assumes. Of note, the role of a student is drastically impacted. Therefore, a program to address strategies for meeting basic needs within a familiar setting, such as a school, is relevant and necessary for this population. Such a program would offer an opportunity to close the gap in disparities and increase health outcomes of adolescents who experience food insecurity as well as the effect of low-income financial restrictions (Defosset, Gase, Ijadi-Maghsoodi, & Kuo, 2017). Adolescents are an underserved population in the United States healthcare system, particularly those who come from low-income households; henceforth, it is evident that there is a need for intervention among this population (Defosset et al., 2017). The ecology of human performance (EHP) model was selected to analyze and guide product development (Dunn, Brown, & McGuigan, 1994). EHP is centered around transactions between the person, context, and task. There is a focus on increasing performance range through participation in various roles within meaningful occupations, while utilizing contextual supports that address the specific needs of the person (Dunn et al., 1994). Additionally, principles of pedagogy were applied to guide activity development to increase participation and retention of information (Knowles, 1990). The product is two-fold: first, a screening tool and second, an after school program. The occupational therapy practitioner will distribute the screening tool to high schools in Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota school districts. The screening tool is used to identify adolescents who would benefit from intervention. The screening tool is briefly and privately completed during the school day by the adolescent. The adolescent fills out the screen to identify their own needs. The privacy of the survey is important due to the feelings of shame that are commonly associated with revealing the need for assistance, as related to limitations from food insecurity (Burke, Cayir, Hartline-Grafton, Martini, & Meade, 2016). The occupational therapy practitioner leading the activities contacts the students who are interested in participating in the program. The after school program is divided into three activities that promote occupational performance, while providing the opportunity to access resources that help to alleviate food insecurity. The activities are focused around the identified areas of growth of the population based on findings from the literature review. Each activity in the program is divided into person, context, and task sections. All the activities are tailored to the areas of need for skill development related to budgeting, meal planning and preparation, and developing a healthy routine with emotional regulation. Multiple authors reported that there were limited resources and programs available to adolescents who experience food insecurity and restrictions of a low-income budget (Burke et al., 2016; Shtasel-Gottlieb, Palakshappa, Yang, & Goodman, 2015; To, Frongillo, Gallegos, & Moore, 2014). The following program addresses the needs of the underserved adolescent population because it provides an opportunity for growth within the cognitive, psychosocial, and physical domains

Mass spectra of liquid crystals. VI.Alkylbicyclohexyl ethers, dioxanylbenzonitrile derivatives and other classes of compounds

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FT-IR Method for the Quantification of Isoflavonol Glycosides in Nutritional Supplements of Soy (Glycine max (L.) MERR.)

Due to increasing health consciousness, a lot of food supplements are sold and used. Dietary supplements of Glycine max (L.) MERR. are used as an alternative treatment for menopausal complaints such as hot flashes. Thereby, the effective soy compounds are the isoflavones daidzin, genistin, and glycitin. However, only the total soy extract content of the nutritional supplements is indicated. The aim of this study is to introduce a fast, efficient, and economic Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy method to quantify the active ingredients in the complex matrix of soy-based supplements. Five different nutritional supplements of Glycine max (L.) MERR. were purchased from a German pharmacy and were extracted with 80% aqueous methanol. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used for the separation. The samples were concentrated and measured with infrared spectroscopy. An FT-IR method was established to quantify the active ingredients in the complex matrix of soy-based nutritional supplements. The partial least-squares algorithm was used to develop the method, which enabled the estimation of the content of particular isoflavones (daidzin R² = 0.86, glycitin R² = 0.94, genistin R² = 0.96) and the quantification of the total isoflavone content (R² = 0.92) despite peak overlap in the infrared (IR) spectra. The method for the quantification of the isoflavonol glycosides is precise with the standard error of prediction being 13.54%

Die Wunschsektio

Im Januar 2002 wurden alle 1502 bei der deutschen Ärztekammer registrierten niedergelassenen Gynäkologen und Gynäkologinnen und alle Leiterinnen und Leiter der 164 geburtshilflichen Abteilungen Bayerns angeschrieben, um deren aktuelle Meinung zur Wunschsektio zu erfragen. Die Rücklaufquote betrug 35 % bei den Niedergelassenen und 42,1 % bei den Klinikleitern. 7,6 % der niedergelassenen Gynäkologen und Gynäkologinnen in Bayern und 8,7 % der Klinikleiter und Klinikleiterinnen würden im Falle einer unkomplizierten Schwangerschaft in Schädellage für sich oder ihre Partnerin die Wunschsektio bevorzugen. Diese Haltung war einheitlich in allen Altersklassen und zeigte keine geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede. Alle Gynäkologen und Gynäkologinnen, die persönlich mit vaginal-operativen Geburten konfrontiert worden waren, würden auch im Nachhinein für sich selbst die vaginale Geburt bevorzugen. 55,6 % der niedergelassenen Gynäkologen und Gynäkologinnen in Bayern und 71 % der Klinikleiter und Klinikleiterinnen stimmen der Möglichkeit der Wunschsektio grundsätzlich zu. Die Sektiorate ist in den bayerischen Kliniken, die Wunschsektiones durchführen mit 21,8 % vergleichbar hoch wie in denjenigen Häusern, bei denen kein Kaiserschnitt auf Wunsch erfolgt (22,3 %), wobei der Anteil an Wunschsektiones in diesen Häusern durchschnittlich 6 % aller Kaiserschnitte ausmacht.Im Januar 2002 wurden alle 1502 bei der deutschen Ärztekammer registrierten niedergelassenen Gynäkologen und Gynäkologinnen und alle Leiterinnen und Leiter der 164 geburtshilflichen Abteilungen Bayerns angeschrieben, um deren aktuelle Meinung zur Wunschsektio zu erfragen. Die Rücklaufquote betrug 35 % bei den Niedergelassenen und 42,1 % bei den Klinikleitern. 7,6 % der niedergelassenen Gynäkologen und Gynäkologinnen in Bayern und 8,7 % der Klinikleiter und Klinikleiterinnen würden im Falle einer unkomplizierten Schwangerschaft in Schädellage für sich oder ihre Partnerin die Wunschsektio bevorzugen. Diese Haltung war einheitlich in allen Altersklassen und zeigte keine geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede. Alle Gynäkologen und Gynäkologinnen, die persönlich mit vaginal-operativen Geburten konfrontiert worden waren, würden auch im Nachhinein für sich selbst die vaginale Geburt bevorzugen. 55,6 % der niedergelassenen Gynäkologen und Gynäkologinnen in Bayern und 71 % der Klinikleiter und Klinikleiterinnen stimmen der Möglichkeit der Wunschsektio grundsätzlich zu. Die Sektiorate ist in den bayerischen Kliniken, die Wunschsektiones durchführen mit 21,8 % vergleichbar hoch wie in denjenigen Häusern, bei denen kein Kaiserschnitt auf Wunsch erfolgt (22,3 %), wobei der Anteil an Wunschsektiones in diesen Häusern durchschnittlich 6 % aller Kaiserschnitte ausmacht

Fraternity & Sorority Life: Impact analysis Spring 2016 to Fall 2019

Fraternity and Sorority Life (FSL) is a valued part of the USU community It connects students with leadership and philanthropic opportunities throughout their time at university. Many students cite their time spent associated with FSL as one of the biggest contributing factors of their university experience. METHODS: Student’s membership in a FSL is recorded each semester on rosters. These rosters were used in identifying which students participated in FSL. Students were compared using prediction-based propensity score matching. Students who participated in FSL were matched with non-participating students based on their persistence predication and their propensity to participate. FINDINGS: Students were 98% similar following matching. Participating and comparison students were compared using difference-in-difference testing. Students who participated in FSL were significantly more likely to persist at USU than similar students who did not (DID = 0.0268, p \u3c .001). The unstandardized effect size can be estimated through student impact. It is estimated that FSL assisted in retaining 20 (CI: 10 to 30) students each year who were otherwise not expected to persist

A Stepwise [4 + 3] Cycloaddition Reaction of the 1,3-Diphenyl-2-azaallyl Anion

The 1,3-diphenyl-2-azaallyl anion (1) undergoes [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions with the s-cis-fixed 1,3-dienes 8-11. In contrast, 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexamethyl-4,5-bis(methylene)cyclopentane (7) reacts with 1 to give the [4 + 3] cycloadduct 13 and the linear 1,4-addition product 14. This reaction is four orders of magnitude slower than the corresponding reaction of 1 with 1,2-bis(methylene)cyclopentane (8), which exclusively yields [3 + 2] cycloadducts. A change of mechanism - concerted cycloaddition of 8 and stepwise cycloaddition of 7 - is suggested, but not unequivocally proven. It is concluded that reactions of 1 with ordinary dienes cannot profit from concertedness by more than 5 kcal · mol-1

Tilt order parameters, polarity and inversion phenomena in smectic liquid crystals

The order parameters for the phenomenological description of the smectic-{\it A} to smectic-{\it C} phase transition are formulated on the basis of molecular symmetry and structure. It is shown that, unless the long molecular axis is an axis of two-fold or higher rotational symmetry, the ordering of the molecules in the smectic-{\it C} phase gives rise to more than one tilt order parameter and to one or more polar order parameters. The latter describe the indigenous polarity of the smectic-{\it C} phase, which is not related to molecular chirality but underlies the appearance of spontaneous polarisation in chiral smectics. A phenomenological theory of the phase transition is formulated by means of a Landau expansion in two tilt order parameters (primary and secondary) and an indigenous polarity order parameter. The coupling among these order parameters determines the possibility of sign inversions in the temperature dependence of the spontaneous polarisation and of the helical pitch observed experimentally for some chiral smectic-{\it $C^{\ast}$} materials. The molecular interpretation of the inversion phenomena is examined in the light of the new formulation.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, RevTe

IFN-γ-Based ELISpot as a New Tool to Detect Human Infections with Borna Disease Virus 1 (BoDV-1): A Pilot Study

More than 40 human infections with the zoonotic Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) have been reported to German health authorities from endemic regions in southern and eastern Germany. Diagnosis of a confirmed case is based on the detection of BoDV-1 RNA or BoDV-1 antigen. In parallel, serological assays such as ELISA, immunoblots, and indirect immunofluorescence are in use to detect the seroconversion of Borna virus-reactive IgG in serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). As immunopathogenesis in BoDV-1 encephalitis appears to be driven by T cells, we addressed the question of whether an IFN-γ-based ELISpot may further corroborate the diagnosis. For three of seven BoDV-1-infected patients, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with sufficient quantity and viability were retrieved. For all three patients, counts in the range from 12 to 20 spot forming units (SFU) per 250,000 cells were detected upon the stimulation of PBMC with a peptide pool covering the nucleocapsid protein of BoDV-1. Additionally, individual patients had elevated SFU upon stimulation with a peptide pool covering X or phosphoprotein. Healthy blood donors (n = 30) and transplant recipients (n = 27) were used as a control and validation cohort, respectively. In this pilot study, the BoDV-1 ELISpot detected cellular immune responses in human patients with BoDV-1 infection. Its role as a helpful diagnostic tool needs further investigation in patients with BoDV-1 encephalitis