The health-related quality of life in normal and obese children

AbstractBackgroundOverweight and obesity have a major impact on the quality of life (QOL) in different patterns and magnitudes.ObjectiveTo assess the effect of obesity on the quality of life in children.Patients and methodsThe study was carried out on 111 children aged from six to twelve years in National Nutrition Institute. They were divided according to age into two groups; group I for children ⩽8years (n=42) and group II for children >8years (n=69). Only obese children of nutritional cause of obesity were included in this study. The data were collected by different tools, questionnaire and clinical Assessment.ResultsResults showed that; in group I (⩽8years); 20 children were of normalweight (47.6%) and 22 were obese (52.4%), while in group II (>8years old); 29 of them were of normal weight (42.0%) and 40 were obese (58.0%). The Mean±SD of body mass index (BMI), height and weight in normal and obese children were significantly different. The socioeconomic class relation between normal and obese children was significantly different. The total quality of life score was ⩾75 (very good QoL) in 95.0% and 82.8% of normal weight children, while the percentage was only 4.5% and 5.0% in obese children (⩽8years and >8years, respectively). On the other hand, the total score was ⩽25% (bad QoL Life) in only 0.0% and 6.9% of normal weight children, while it was 31.8% and 17.5% in obese children (⩽8years and >8years, respectively).There was a negative correlation relationship between total quality of life scores and BMI, waist circumference, weight and a positive correlation relationship between quality of life scores and father’s and mother’s education and father’s occupation.ConclusionObesity in children had a negative impact on their quality of life

Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

BACKGROUND: Neonatal encephalopathy is a heterogeneous syndrome characterised by signs of central nervous system dysfunction in the newborn. Matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) increases the blood-brain barrier permeability, and their inhibitors can reduce its damage. MMP-9 has been implicated specifically in cerebral ischemia. AIM: To measure serum MMP-9 in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and evaluate its correlation to the severity of early prediction and treatment. METHODS: its case-control study. The serum concentration of MMP-9 was determined by ELISA in 100 hypoxic neonates and 50 healthy neonates of matched age and sex who served as controls. RESULTS: In our present study the serum MMP-9 level was significantly higher at p = 0.0001 in hypoxic-ischemic full-term newborns (176.7 ± 68.7 ng/ml)as compared to control newborn (69.4 ± 34.85 ng/ml)and it was significantly higher at p = 0.0075 in hypoxic-ischemic preterm newborn (171.2 ± 132.9 ng/ml) when compared to control newborn (72.54 ± 36.74 ng/ml),also MMP-9 was significantly higher at Sarnat stage III at p = 0.0001. CONCLUSION: Serum MMP-9 level was significantly higher in hypoxic-ischemic newborns, and significantly increased with severity, so we suggest that serum MMP-9 level is important for predicting neurological sequel and severity in neonatal encephalopathy. &nbsp

Preoperative Diagnosis Failure for a Rare Gastric Collision Tumor: A Case Report

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), usually occur as a solitary neoplasm. Inflammatory florid polyp (IFP) is a solitary rare benign lesion of the gastrointestinal tract, mainly occur in the gastric antrum, whose atypical presentation can mimic GISTs or other malignant tumors, therefore the synchronous occurrence of GISTs and IFP is extremely rare. We had a case of a 58-year-old man that was presented with recurrent epigastric pain and recurrent melena. Upper endoscopic examination revealed a large polypoid antrum polyp measured 7 cm at greatest dimension with focal ulceration. Clinical and radiological features did not reach the definite diagnosis until histopathological evaluation with immunohistochemical analysis was performed. Surgical intervention is recommended and partial gastrectomy was done with wide resection margins. Histological examination revealed two distinct GISTs and IFP parts presenting a collision tumor that showed spindle and epitheloid cells consistent with GISTs with histological features of florid polyp showed a characteristic perivascular onion-skin arrangement of spindle cells with dense chronic inflammatory infiltrate including eosinophils and lymphocytes. Immunohistochemical studies have been done and revealed an association between GISTs and IFP. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a collision tumor consisting of a GIST and an IFP arising in the stomach. In conclusion, the gastrointestinal stromal tumor is the comments mesenchymal tumor of GIT and IFP is a rare benign lesion of GIT therefore association between GIST and IFP as a collision tumor is extremely rare

Standard protocol items: Recommendations for interventional trials (SPIRIT) recommended content for the schedule of enrolment, interventions, and assessments for Trial I.

Standard protocol items: Recommendations for interventional trials (SPIRIT) recommended content for the schedule of enrolment, interventions, and assessments for Trial I.</p

Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents.

Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents.</p

American University of Beirut protocol.

IntroductionElectronic cigarette (EC) use has increased rapidly in the last decade, especially among youth. Regulating nicotine delivery from ECs could help curb youth uptake and leverage EC use in harm reduction yet is complicated by varying device and liquid variables that affect nicotine delivery. Nicotine flux, the nicotine emission rate, is a parameter that incorporates these variables and focuses on the performance rather than the design of an EC. Nicotine flux therefore could be a powerful regulatory tool if it is shown empirically to predict nicotine delivery and subjective effects related to dependence.Methods and analysisThis project consists of two complementary clinical trials. In Trial I, we will examine the relationship between nicotine flux and the rate and dose of nicotine delivery from ECs, hence, impacting abuse liability. It will also examine the extent to which this relationship is mediated by nicotine form (i.e., freebase versus protonated). At Yale School of Medicine (YSM), study participants will puff EC devices under conditions that differ by flux and form, while arterial blood is sampled in high time resolution. In Trial II, we will assess the relationship between nicotine flux, form, and subjective effects. At the American University of Beirut (AUB), participants will use EC devices with varying nicotine fluxes and forms, while dependency measures, such as the urge to use ECs, nicotine craving, and withdrawal symptoms, will be assessed. We will also monitor puffing intensity and real-time exposure to toxicants.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol of Trial I and Trial II was approved by YSM and AUB IRBs, respectively. We will disseminate study results through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registrationNCT05706701 for Trial I and NCT05430334 for Trial II.</div

Yale school of medicine IRB consent.

IntroductionElectronic cigarette (EC) use has increased rapidly in the last decade, especially among youth. Regulating nicotine delivery from ECs could help curb youth uptake and leverage EC use in harm reduction yet is complicated by varying device and liquid variables that affect nicotine delivery. Nicotine flux, the nicotine emission rate, is a parameter that incorporates these variables and focuses on the performance rather than the design of an EC. Nicotine flux therefore could be a powerful regulatory tool if it is shown empirically to predict nicotine delivery and subjective effects related to dependence.Methods and analysisThis project consists of two complementary clinical trials. In Trial I, we will examine the relationship between nicotine flux and the rate and dose of nicotine delivery from ECs, hence, impacting abuse liability. It will also examine the extent to which this relationship is mediated by nicotine form (i.e., freebase versus protonated). At Yale School of Medicine (YSM), study participants will puff EC devices under conditions that differ by flux and form, while arterial blood is sampled in high time resolution. In Trial II, we will assess the relationship between nicotine flux, form, and subjective effects. At the American University of Beirut (AUB), participants will use EC devices with varying nicotine fluxes and forms, while dependency measures, such as the urge to use ECs, nicotine craving, and withdrawal symptoms, will be assessed. We will also monitor puffing intensity and real-time exposure to toxicants.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol of Trial I and Trial II was approved by YSM and AUB IRBs, respectively. We will disseminate study results through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registrationNCT05706701 for Trial I and NCT05430334 for Trial II.</div