Strategies and Entrepreneurial Success: An Assessment of Selected Female-Owned Micro & Small Businesses in Ikenne LGA, Ogun State, Nigeria

Entrepreneurial success is largely dependent on the strategies employed in exploiting a unique profitable opportunity. The utilization of tacit knowledge and innovations had enabled firms to gain competitive advantage and achieve success. This paper examined the effect of strategies on entrepreneurial success with focus on female-owned micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Diverse theoretical and empirical discourses were reviewed to establish relationships and effects with reference to strategies and success of MSMEs. The paper utilized primary data collected after administering validated copies of questionnaire to fifty-six female-owned enterprises in Ikenne Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. MSMEs were selected using purposive-convenient sampling technique. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted with specified multiple regression-models to depict entrepreneurial success as a function of strategies. From the results, it was discovered that knowledge transfer and innovation were key in engendering entrepreneurial success. Also, the number of years in business had a moderating effect on the relationship between strategies and the success of female-owned enterprises. The paper recommends knowledge transfer and embedded innovation to stimulate success among MSMEs in other areas, in order to ensure enterprises' longevity. Keywords: Innovation strategy, Knowledge transfer strategy, Entrepreneurial success, Knowledge-based view, Blue ocean strategy

Technology Transfer and Competitive Advantage: The Managers’ Perspective

Achieving and sustaining competitive advantages is becoming extraordinarily difficult as strategic intangible resources are hidden from public consumption and information asymmetry rules a turbulence business environment. The how of competitive advantage debate revolves around different constructs but technology transfer (technology infrastructure, innovation, and adoption) constitutes the focus of this work. The paper argued from technology transfer proxies to explain firms’ competitive advantage through the knowledge lenses of managers. Cross- sectional survey research design was adopted, the unit of analysis was randomly selected and data were collected from 90 managers of telecommunication companies in Lagos State, Nigeria through a validated questionnaire whose reliability was established. The study provided empirical evidences that a relationship exist between technology transfer dimensions (technology adoption, technology infrastructure, and technology innovation) and competitive advantage (r =0.582, p<0.05; 0.862, p<0.05; 0.684, p<0.05) and that these further affected significantly firms’ competitive advantage (Fstat.19.16, p-value 0.000) among the surveyed companies. The recommendation focused on technology transfer in the form of adoption, infrastructure and innovation within a business ecosystem to promote competitive advantage. Keywords: Technology transfer, competitive advantage, and Nigerian telecommunication industry. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/11-28-08 Publication date:October 31st 201

Flexible work design and employee commitment : when socio-demographic characteristics are introduced?

Purpose: In this study, we contribute to the existing literature by examining the relationship between military spending changes and economic growth in China over the period 1995 to 2018 using Granger causality test. We would also explore short and long run relationship between GDP growth and military expenditure of China. Approach/Methodology/Design: Data used in this study are yearly data covering the period of 1995 to 2018 and the variables are Gross Domestic product (GDP) and Military Expenditure (ME). Data were collected from World Bank. GDP is at 2010 constant US prices and ME is expressed as a percentage of economic growth. All variables are transformed into the natural logarithmics to obtain growth effects. Findings: Using causality test, the causal relationship between the variables revealed that the alternative hypothesis should be accepted which is lagged GDP variable (proxy of economic growth) does not cause ME in our first VAR Granger causslity Wald test model. However, we discover and verified that there is one-way causality from economic growth to military spending, but no causality from military spending to economic growth is observed in this study. China’s positive economic growth can finance its military expenditure. Practical Implications: The study will contribute positively to the understanding of influence of GDP on military expenditure for emerging and developed ecconomies. Originality/value: This study innovates by using Cointegration, E-granger and Granger causality test to find out economic growth causing military expenditure in developing economies like China.peer-reviewe