Multiscale Data, Analytics, and Tools for Transportation Electrification

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2022The demand for electrified transportation, including battery-electric buses, is increasing as fleets aim to meet lower carbon emissions goals. However, there exist knowledge gaps, which include but are not limited to charging infrastructure placement and demand, battery sizing for optimal vehicle range, and the effect of load demands on battery lifetime and performance, that impede the adoption of these technologies at the desired rate. Solving these problems requires information and models across scales, from the vehicle systems to the battery packs, cells, and materials. This work creates tools, data analysis, and datasets across these scales. First, a vehicle dynamics model is used to estimate the power and energy required to transport a battery-electric bus across a given route, using King County Metro bus routes as a case-study. The load demand for the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) on-board is estimated, and routes are compared based on load profiles and distributions. The effect of route characteristics such as elevation, frequency of stops, and ridership mass on the battery load are also analyzed. Select load profiles are then translated to the cell-level and used as charging protocols for commercial Li-ion cells. The resulting voltage and current profiles allow us to calibrate a simple battery model that can estimate these profiles for other routes. Lastly, we emphasize the importance of data sharing to improve battery models. We introduce the framework for a standardized data-sharing protocol with suggested metadata. An example dataset utilizes the proposed format and demonstrates the importance of replicates in open datasets

Compliant Yet Brittle Mechanical Behavior of Li₂S–P₂S₅ Lithium-Ion-Conducting Solid Electrolyte

Young's modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness are measured by instrumented nanoindentation for an amorphous Li₂S–P₂S₅ Li-ion solid electrolyte. Although low elastic modulus suggests accommodation of significant chemomechanical strain, low fracture toughness can facilitate brittle crack formation in such materials.United States. Department of Energy. Office of Basic Energy Sciences (Grant DE-SC0002633

Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas

SPE EA Pôle BIOME The Atlas is divided in 8 chapters covering all the aspects of soil biodiversity: - Chapter I: The soil habitat - Chapter II: Diversity of soil organisms - Chapter III: Geographical and temporal distribution - Chapter IV: Ecosystem functions and services - Chapter V: Threats - Chapter VI: Interventions - Chapter VII: Policy, education and outreach - Chapter VIII: Conclusions Soil biodiversity experts from all over the world are involved in the project aiming at the creation of a reference publication not only for soil biodiversity researchers but also policy makers and general public.International audienceThe Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative (GSBI) and the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of European Commission announce the writing of the Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas (GSBA) in the frame of the Global Soil Biodiversity Assessment. The Atlas is a series of amazing photos, maps, charts, statistics, and shared information that scientists, educators, policy makers, and non-specialists alike can use as a toolkit for knowing and understanding soil biodiversity globally