Screening av Tetrabrombisfenol A

Tetrabrombisfenol A (TBBPA), CAS nr 79-94-7, är ett flamskyddsmedel med stor användning. Till största delen används det som reaktivt flamskyddsmedel, dvs. TBBPA binds in kemiskt i polymera material. Allt binds dock inte in utan en mindre del kan läcka ut från den flamskyddade produkten (Sellström och Jansson, 1995). En viss användning av TBBPA som additivt flamskyddsmedel förekommer också (KemI, 2000). TBBPA är det flamskyddsmedel som omsätts mest i Sverige, 2001 omsattes 203 ton vilket kan jämföras med 58 ton för hexabromcyklododekan (HBCD). Användningen av HBCD ökade medan användningen av TBBPA minskade enligt KEMI (KemI, 2003, 4/03 ). TBBPA används främst vid tillverkning av flamskyddad epoxy- och polykarbonatplast men även i omättad polyester (WHO/IPCS, 1995). Epoxyplast som flamskyddats med TBBPA används huvudsakligen i kretskort. TBBPA används också i plastinkapslingar av elektroniska komponenter, i kåpor och i höljen till elektrisk utrustning

Screening av Tetrabrombisfenol A

Tetrabrombisfenol A (TBBPA), CAS nr 79-94-7, är ett flamskyddsmedel med stor användning. Till största delen används det som reaktivt flamskyddsmedel, dvs. TBBPA binds in kemiskt i polymera material. Allt binds dock inte in utan en mindre del kan läcka ut från den flamskyddade produkten (Sellström och Jansson, 1995). En viss användning av TBBPA som additivt flamskyddsmedel förekommer också (KemI, 2000). TBBPA är det flamskyddsmedel som omsätts mest i Sverige, 2001 omsattes 203 ton vilket kan jämföras med 58 ton för hexabromcyklododekan (HBCD). Användningen av HBCD ökade medan användningen av TBBPA minskade enligt KEMI (KemI, 2003, 4/03 ). TBBPA används främst vid tillverkning av flamskyddad epoxy- och polykarbonatplast men även i omättad polyester (WHO/IPCS, 1995). Epoxyplast som flamskyddats med TBBPA används huvudsakligen i kretskort. TBBPA används också i plastinkapslingar av elektroniska komponenter, i kåpor och i höljen till elektrisk utrustning

Övervakning av metaller och organiska miljögifter i limnisk biota, 2015

The report summarises the monitoring activities within the National Swedish Contaminant Programme for freshwater biota. Each monitored contaminant has been examined in pike, perch or Arctic char from 32 lakes from the north to the south in Sweden. No general trend could be seen for mercury, and all samples, except Arctic char from Abiskojaure, were above the EU target level. Lead was generally decreasing. Nickel showed a general upward trend in perch. An increase, or indication of an increase, was seen for chromium during the last ten years. Zinc concentrations were decreasing in a majority of the perch samples and in pike from Lake Storvindeln. No general trend was observed for copper, arsenic, silver, aluminum, tin, bismuth, and cadmium. In general, downward trends were seen for; PCBs, HCHs, DDT, DDE and PCDD/Fs in all species (with a few exceptions). The chlorinated compounds generally show a somewhat higher concentration in the southern parts of Sweden. Most chlorinated compounds were below the suggested target levels. No general trend was seen during the monitoring period for PBDEs. Concentrations of PBDEs in Lake Bolmen increased from the 60s and peaked in the late 80s to mid-90s and have subsequently decreased. The concentration of HBCDD was under LOQ in a majority of the samples. Several of the perfluorinated carboxylate compounds showed an increase in concentration in perch, while PFOS and FOSA decreased. Higher concentrations of perfluorinated compounds can in general be seen in the southern part of Sweden. In all lakes, PFOS is below the target level for all species

Sakrapport Övervakning av metaller och organiska miljögifter i limnisk biota, 2013

The environmental contaminants examined in this report can be classified into four groups – trace metals, chlorinated compounds, brominated flame retardants and perfluoroalkyl substances. Each of these contaminants has been examined in pike, perch and Arctic char from 32 lakes geographically spread from the north to the south of Sweden. The following summary examines overall trends, spatial and temporal, for the four groups. Fat Content, Age and Length Pike and perch displayed a decreasing trend in fat content at 50 % of the sites examined. An increasing trend in fat content could be seen for Arctic char from Lake Tjulträsk. The age of the perch sampled within the programme was somewhat lower in the most southern and south eastern parts of Sweden, whereas the length of the perch was homogenous in all lakes sampled. Trace Metals No general temporal trend could be observed for mercury in the freshwater environment. However, in all lakes and species, except Arctic char from Abiskojaure, these concentrations are above the suggested EU-target level of 20 ng/g wet weight. Lead is generally decreasing over the study period (in time series of sufficient length), supposedly due to the elimination of lead in gasoline. In all lakes, Pb concentration is below the suggested EU-target level of 1.0 ug/g wet weight. This result has to be interpreted carefully as the recalculation between levels of lead in whole-body and liver is based on only one study. Cadmium concentrations show no consistent trends over the monitored period. It is worth noting that despite several measures taken to reduce discharges of cadmium, the most recent concentrations in Arctic char and pike are similar to concentrations measured 30 years ago in the longer time series. In a majority of the lakes, Cd concentration in perch is above the suggested EU target level of 0.16 ug/g wet weight. This result has to be interpreted carefully as the recalculation between levels of cadmium in whole-body and liver is based on only one study. Nickel concentrations showed a general increasing trend in perch. Chromium concentrations showed a general decreasing trend in all matrices during the monitoring period, but this decrease is most probably caused by the change of method for chromium analysis in 2004. The concentrations of Zinc in perch liver are consistent in all lakes monitored. The concentrations are decreasing significantly at a majority of the perch sampling sites and in pike from Lake Storvindeln. No general temporal trend were observed for copper, arsenic, silver, aluminium, tin, and bismuth concentrations in fish liver during the monitoring period. 22 Chlorinated Compounds Generally, a decreasing trend was observed for all compounds (DDT’s, PCB’s, HCH’s, HCB and PCDD/PCDF) in all species examined (with a few exceptions). The chlorinated compounds generally show a somewhat higher concentration in the southern parts of Sweden than in the north. CB-153 concentration is below the suggested target level of 1.6 ug/g lipid weight in all species and areas, while the target level for CB-118 of 0.024 ug/g lipid weight is exceeded in perch from Lake Fysingen and Lake Krankesjön. For DDE the concentration is below the suggested target level of 0.005 ug/g wet weight for all species and areas. sHCH is below the suggested target level of 0.026 ug/g wet weight for all species and areas. HCB is below the suggested target level of 0.010 ug/g wet weight for all species and areas. TCDD-eqvivalents is below the suggested target level of 3.5 pg WHO05-TEQ/g wet weight for all species and areas. Brominated Flame Retardants No general linear trend is observed during the whole monitoring period for the BDEs. However the concentrations of BDEs in Lake Bolmen increased from the start of the monitoring period until the late 80s to the mid 90s and appear to have decreased since then. The lower brominated flame retardants (BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-100) peaked earlier than the higher (BDE-153 and BDE-154). In all areas, BDE-47 is above the suggested target level of 0.0085 ng/g wet weight for all species. The concentration of HBCDD is under LOQ in a majority of the freshwater samples. PFASs PFNA, PFDA, and PFUnDA all show significantly increasing concentrations in Arctic char liver from Lake Abiskojaure. PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, and PFTrDA show increasing trends in perch liver from Lake Skärgölen . A decreasing trend in PFOS is also indicated for perch in Lake Skärgölen for the last ten years. In about 40 % of the perch lakes, PFOS concentrations in liver are above the suggested target level for PFOS in whole fish (9.1 ng/g wet weight). This result has to be interpreted with caution since no recalculation for the results from the liver analysis has been made, especially since liver in most cases contains higher concentrations of PFASs than muscle tissue. Priority substances 2007 and 2010 For four of the five priority substances - DEHP, HCBD, pentachlorobenzene, and organotin compounds – all or most values were below LOQ in the years examined. The chloroalkane SCCP did have values above LOQ, however, no consistent spatial variation was seen. The highest concentrations of SCCP (approximately 30 ng/g wet weight) were found in Lake Stor-Backsjön in Jämtland County and in Lake Fiolen in Kronobergs County. No statistical difference in concentration of SCCP between year 2007 and 2010 was found. Information about the lakes sampled within the programme can be seen in Appendix 1

Övervakning av metaller och organiska miljögifter i limnisk biota, 2015

The report summarises the monitoring activities within the National Swedish Contaminant Programme for freshwater biota. Each monitored contaminant has been examined in pike, perch or Arctic char from 32 lakes from the north to the south in Sweden. No general trend could be seen for mercury, and all samples, except Arctic char from Abiskojaure, were above the EU target level. Lead was generally decreasing. Nickel showed a general upward trend in perch. An increase, or indication of an increase, was seen for chromium during the last ten years. Zinc concentrations were decreasing in a majority of the perch samples and in pike from Lake Storvindeln. No general trend was observed for copper, arsenic, silver, aluminum, tin, bismuth, and cadmium. In general, downward trends were seen for; PCBs, HCHs, DDT, DDE and PCDD/Fs in all species (with a few exceptions). The chlorinated compounds generally show a somewhat higher concentration in the southern parts of Sweden. Most chlorinated compounds were below the suggested target levels. No general trend was seen during the monitoring period for PBDEs. Concentrations of PBDEs in Lake Bolmen increased from the 60s and peaked in the late 80s to mid-90s and have subsequently decreased. The concentration of HBCDD was under LOQ in a majority of the samples. Several of the perfluorinated carboxylate compounds showed an increase in concentration in perch, while PFOS and FOSA decreased. Higher concentrations of perfluorinated compounds can in general be seen in the southern part of Sweden. In all lakes, PFOS is below the target level for all species

Sakrapport Övervakning av metaller och organiska miljögifter i limnisk biota, 2014

The report summarises the monitoring activities within the National Swedish Contaminant Programme for freshwater biota. Each monitored contaminant has been examined in pike, perch and Arctic char from 32 lakes from the north to the south in Sweden. No general trend could be seen for mercury, and all samples, except Arctic char from Abiskojaure, were above the EU target level. Lead was generally decreasing. Nickel showed a general upward trend in perch. An increase, or indication of an increase, was seen for chromium during the last ten years. Zinc concentrations were decreasing in a majority of the perch samples and in pike from Lake Storvindeln. No general trend was observed for copper, arsenic, silver, aluminum, tin, bismuth, and cadmium. In general, downward trends were seen for; PCBs, HCHs, DDT, DDE and PCDD/Fs in all species (with a few exceptions). The chlorinated compounds generally show a somewhat higher concentration in the southern parts of Sweden. Most chlorinated compounds were below the suggested target levels. No general trend was seen during the monitoring period for PBDEs. Concentrations of PBDEs in Lake Bolmen increased from the 60s and peaked in the late 80s to mid-90s and have subsequently decreased. The concentration of HBCDD was under LOQ in a majority of the samples. A majority of the perfluorinated compounds showed an increase in concentration in perch, except PFOS and FOSA. Higher concentrations of perfluorinated compounds can in general be seen in the southern part of Sweden