Evaluation of the Seismic Behavior on Sandy Ground with Built-Up Pore Water Pressures by Effective Stress Analysis

It is important to consider the non-linear behavior of the soil in evaluating the seismic behavior of the ground during the large ground motion. Pore water pressures, in the order of 75% of the initial mean confining pressures, were observed at the liquefaction observation sites near the Lake Utonai in Hokkaido, Japan during the 1993 Kushiro-oki earthquake. In the current study, effective stress analysis and total stress non-linear analysis were carried out incorporating both strain-dependent non-linearity and non-linear built-up of pore pressures. The following conclusions were reached: (1) Seismic behavior of the ground, acceleration of the surface ground, transfer functions etc., obtained from the effective analysis were sufficient to predict the observed records; (2) It was found from these analyses that shear strain was reached to 1 or 2x10-3 and pore water pressure ratio was built up to between 0.2 and 0.4 during the earthquake; (3) The amplitude and phase of the acceleration at the ground surface by effective and total stress analyses agreed well; and (4) The influence of the excess pore water pressure on the seismic behavior of the ground surface is not so significant when the excess pore water pressure ratio was less than 0.4 in general

タイイク スポーツ ジュギョウ カンキョウカ ニオケル コミュニケーション スキル ト キブン ヘンカ ニカンスル イチコウサツ

論文Thesi

A Phenotypic Analysis of Involucrin-Membrane-Bound Ovalbumin Mice after Adoptive Transfer of Ovalbumin-Specific CD8⁺ T Cells

To investigate the mechanism of autoimmunity and peripheral tolerance in the skin, several transgenic mouse strains expressing membrane-bound ovalbumin (mOVA) as an epidermal self-antigen under the control of keratinocyte-specific promotors, such as keratin 5 and keratin 14, were employed in combination with adoptive transfer of CD8⁺ T cells from OT-I mice (OT-I T cells) that recognize an ovalbumin-derived peptide. However, these strains showed bodyweight loss and required additional inflammatory stimuli, such as γ-irradiation and tape-stripping, to induce skin inflammation. In this study, we generated a mouse strain expressing mOVA under the control of human involucrin promoter (involucrin-mOVA mice). In contrast to previous strains, involucrin-mOVA mice spontaneously developed skin inflammation after the transfer of OT-I T cells in the absence of external stimuli without significant bodyweight loss. We focused on the skin infiltration process of OT-I T cells and found that transferred OT-I T cells accumulated around the hair follicles in the early phase of skin inflammation, and in the later phase, the skin inflammation spontaneously resolved despite the remaining OT-I T cells in the skin. Our involucrin-mOVA mice will provide a promising tool to investigate the pathogenesis and the tolerance mechanisms of cytotoxic skin autoimmunity