Anti-tumoral activity of Acetogenins derived from Soursop Fruit (Annona muricata L.) in High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer

https://openworks.mdanderson.org/sumexp21/1253/thumbnail.jp

Morphometric and anatomical characters of fruits and seeds of a population of Prosopis laevigata (Fabaceae) in Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco, Mexico

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Prosopis laevigata, especie de amplia distribución en México, es considerada un recurso con importancia ecológica y socioeconómica. A pesar de que sus semillas y frutos tienen valor nutrimental, los estudios sobre su variación morfológica y anatómica son escasos. Este trabajo es el primero en abordar la morfo-anatomía e histoquímica del fruto y semilla de P. laevigata y tiene como objetivo contribuir al conocimiento de su biología y proporcionar las bases para otras investigaciones con un enfoque ecofisiológico en esta y otras especies del género. Métodos: Muestras de frutos y semillas fueron recolectadas de árboles de P. laevigata en una localidad de Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco, México, para analizar sus caracteres morfométricos, anatómicos e histoquímicos. Adicionalmente, se estudió su composición micro elemental mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB) acoplada a espectroscopia de rayos X de energía dispersiva (EDS). Se aplicaron análisis ANOVA y de correlación para conocer la variabilidad intrapoblacional y asociación entre variables morfométricas. Resultados clave: El coeficiente de variación más alto (47.7%) fue para el número de semillas por fruto. El ANOVA demostró diferencias estadísticas significativas para las variables longitud (F=7.51, p<0.0001) y ancho de la semilla (F=8.75, p<0.0001); la correlación más alta (0.937) fue para ancho fruto-ancho semilla. Los frutos presentan epicarpo, mesocarpo con cristales de oxalato de calcio y endocarpo coriáceo. Las semillas tienen pleurograma, micrópilo subapical, testa gruesa con epidermis de macroesclereidas y osteoesclereidas en la hipodermis. Cotiledones contienen cuerpos de proteína y endospermo con almidón. La testa y el embrión presentan macroelementos (S, K, Mg) y microelementos (Al, Si, Cu). Conclusiones: La estructura morfológica, anatómica e histoquímica de frutos y semillas de P. laevigata fueron similares a otros Prosopis. La epidermis en empalizada, hipodermis con osteoesclereidas en la testa de la semilla, los estomas y cristales prismáticos en las vainas podrían representar caracteres ecofisiológicos importantes.Background and Aims: Prosopis laevigata, a widely distributed species in Mexico, is considered a resource with ecological and socioeconomic importance. Although its seeds and fruits have nutritional value, research on its morphological and anatomical variation is scarce. This study is the first to address the morpho-anatomy and histochemistry of the fruit and seed of P. laevigata and aims to contribute to the knowledge of its biology, as well as provide the basis for other research with an ecophysiological approach of this and other species of the genus. Methods: Fruit and seed samples were collected from Prosopis laevigata trees in a locality of Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco, Mexico, to analyze their morphometric, anatomic, and histochemical characters. Additionally, its micro elemental composition was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). ANOVA and correlation analyzes were applied to determine intrapopulation variability and association between morphometric variables. Key results: The highest coefficient of variation (47.7%) was for the number of seeds per fruit. The ANOVA showed significant statistical differences for the variables seed length (F=7.51, p<0.0001) and seed width (F=8.75, p<0.0001); the highest correlation (0.937) was for fruit width-seed width. The fruits have an epicarp, mesocarp with calcium oxalate crystals and a leathery endocarp. The seeds present a pleurogram, subapical micropyle, and a thick seed coat with an epidermis of macrosclereids, and osteosclereids in the hypodermis. Cotyledons contain protein bodies and starchy endosperm. The testa and the embryo present macroelements (S, K, Mg) and microelements (Al, Si, Cu). Conclusions: The morphological and anatomical characteristics and histochemical structure of fruits and seeds of the P. laevigata were similar to other Prosopis. The palisade epidermis, hypodermis with osteosclereids in the seed coat, stomata and prismatic crystals in the pods could represent important ecophysiological characters

Formulación y análisis fitoquímico de una bebida potencialmente funcional obtenida de la combinación de un extracto de hojas y pulpa de Annona muricata (Annonaceae)

Background and Aims: Annona muricata beverages are widely used in traditional medicine to treat different ailments; however, they have been little characterized phytochemically and are consumed as sugary beverages, and may contribute to non-communicable diseases, including obesity. The objective of this work was to obtain and characterize a sensorially acceptable beverage from an extract of A. muricata leaves and pulp. Methods: A mixture design was used to formulate nine beverages by combining different ratios of the aqueous extract of A. muricata leaves and pulp. These beverages were subjected to physicochemical and sensory evaluation. Based on these results, one beverage was selected to be characterized by spectrophotometry and compared with an infused and commercial beverage. In addition, the selected beverage was further analyzed for its phytochemical composition by ultra-high-performance chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array detector. Key results: The selected beverage was formulated with 25% pulp, 50% leaf extract, and 25% water; it also displayed a 7.63 °Brix, pH 3.42, and 0.40% acidity. This beverage was up to three times higher in bioactive compounds than infused and commercial beverages. Fourteen phenolic compounds and two acetogenins were quantified, while two alkaloids (coclaurine and reticuline) and fifteen acetogenins were tentatively identified. Conclusions: The combination of A. muricata leaf extract and pulp is a vital alternative to obtain a sensorially acceptable beverage that contains bioactive compounds with a potential medicinal action since the phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and acetogenins present in the beverage could have efficient biological activities in the prevention of chronic degenerative diseases.Antecedentes y Objetivos: Las bebidas de Annona muricata se utilizan ampliamente en la medicina tradicional para tratar diferentes padecimientos; sin embargo, han sido poco caracterizadas fitoquímicamente y se consumen como bebidas azucaradas, y pueden contribuir a enfermedades no trasmisibles, entre ellas la obesidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue obtener y caracterizar una bebida sensorialmente aceptable a partir de un extracto de hojas y pulpa de A. muricata. Métodos: Se utilizó un diseño de mezcla para formular nueve bebidas, combinando diferentes proporciones del extracto acuoso de hojas y pulpa de A. muricata. Estas bebidas se sometieron a una evaluación fisicoquímica y sensorial. A partir de estos resultados, se seleccionó una bebida para caracterizarla por espectrofotometría y compararla con una bebida infusionada y otra comercial. Además, se analizó la composición fitoquímica de la bebida seleccionada mediante cromatografía de ultra alta resolución acoplada a espectrometría de masas y cromatografía líquida de alta resolución acoplada a un detector de matriz de fotodiodos. Resultados clave: La bebida seleccionada se formuló con 25% de pulpa, 50% de extracto de hojas y 25% de agua; además, presentó un valor de 7.63 °Brix, un pH 3.42 y una acidez de 0.40%. Esta bebida fue hasta tres veces superior en compuestos bioactivos respecto a las bebidas infusionada y comercial. Se cuantificaron catorce compuestos fenólicos y dos acetogeninas, mientras que se identificaron provisionalmente dos alcaloides (coclaurina y reticulina) y quince acetogeninas. Conclusiones: La combinación de extracto de hojas y pulpa de A. muricata es una alternativa vital para obtener una bebida sensorialmente aceptable que contiene compuestos bioactivos con potencial acción medicinal, ya que los compuestos fenólicos, alcaloides y acetogeninas presentes en la bebida podrían tener actividades biológicas eficientes en la prevención de enfermedades crónicas degenerativas

Effect of Mixed Oxide-Based TiO2 on the Physicochemical Properties of Chitosan Films

The physicochemical, mechanical, and structural properties of chitosan-based films (CS) alone or CS-films with mixed oxide nanoparticles (TiO2-ZnO-MgO, TZM; CSTZM) at different concentrations (125, 250, and 500 μg mL−1) were investigated. The addition of nano-TZM promoted a color change (from colorless to white) in the film-forming solution, which increased its turbidity and it decreased viscosity. CSTZM were semitransparent (transmittance, T% decreased up to 49%) compared to CS-based films (T% = 95.5). CSTZM (particularly at a concentration of 500 μg mL−1) exhibited an improvement in the moisture content (decreased from 12.6 to 9.67%), water solubility (decreased from 14.94 to 10.22%), degree of swelling (increased from 19.79 to 36.28%), water vapor barrier (decreased from 6.62 x 10−16 to 4.33 x 10−16 g m−1 h−1 Pa−1), thermal stability (the endotherm peak increased from 99.5 to 157.7 °C), and mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break increased from 4.15 to 4.98 kPa and 6.96 to 56.18%, respectively, while the modulus of elasticity decreased from 144 kPa to 4.11 kPa), without toxicity effects on Artemia salina (93.33% survival). X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared studies demonstrated an interaction between CS-based films and nano-TZM. Overall, this film exhibited great potential for diverse industrial applications

Bioaccesibilidad y cinética de liberación in vitro de compuestos fenólicos en pulpas de guayaba (Psidium guajava L.) y guanábana (Annona muricata L.)

Tropical fruits are known as healthy, guava and soursop, are considered as a source of phenolic compounds (PC), and are generally consumed fresh or in pulp. The beneficial effect attributed to fruit consumption is related not only to the amount, but rather to how much of these PC can be bioaccesible in the organism. Hence the aim of this study was to evaluate the bioaccesibility of PC of the guava and soursop pulp. During in vitro digestion process was observed that the highest release occurred during intestinal stage, which could be due to the partial release of PC associated with the cell wall material of the pulps. PC bioaccessibility values were 79.93% for guava and 83.91% for soursop, gallic and chlorogenic acids were mainly detected in both samples, although caffeic acid was detected only in soursop pulp. On the other hand, the release kinetics of PC from guava and soursop pulp shows a similar release rate in both, indicating that a large part of the PC present in these pulps are potentially bioaccessible and can be available to be absorbed by the small intestine. Las frutas tropicales son conocidas como saludables, la guayaba y guanábana, se consideran ricos en compuestos fenólicos (CF), y generalmente se consumen frescos o en pulpa. El efecto beneficioso atribuido al consumo de frutas se relaciona con la cantidad de CF que pueden ser bioaccesibles en el organismo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la bioaccesibilidad de los CF de las pulpas de guayaba y guanábana. Durante el proceso de digestión in vitro, se observó que la liberación más alta se produjo durante la etapa intestinal, esto podría deberse a la liberación parcial de los CF asociada con el material de la pared celular de las pulpas. Los valores de bioaccesibilidad de los CF fueron 79.93% para guayaba y 83.91% para guanábana, los ácidos gálico y clorogénico fueron detectados como los principales CF presentes en ambas muestras, aunque el ácido cafeico fue detectado solo en la pulpa de guanábana, por su parte, la cinética de liberación de los CF en las pulpas mostraron una tasa de liberación similar en ambas muestras, lo que indica que una gran parte de los CF presentes en estas pulpas son potencialmente bioaccesibles y pueden estar disponibles para absorberse en el intestino delgado

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of carotenoids from mango (Mangifera indica L.‘Ataulfo’) by-products on in vitro bioaccessibility

Mango by-products (peel and paste) are a source of carotenoids, but their bioaccessibility (BA) can be limited by dietary fiber (DF), since it retains these compounds within its structure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) on the BA of carotenoids by an in vitro digestion model. The β-cryptoxanthin (βCr) content (3.59 ± 0.43 mg/g DW) in UAE-peel was higher than that in Control-peel (0.66 ± 0.03 mg/g DW). The β-carotene (βC) content in UAE-peel and UAE-paste was higher than that in Control-peel and Control-paste. The %BA in the UAE-peel improved by 46.93%, 35.21% and 32.62% for βCr, Lutein (Lut), and βC, respectively, compared to that in the Control-peel, and in the UAE-paste, the treatment improved the %BA for Lut, βCr, and βC by 46.04%, 44.16%, and 44.01% respectively, compared with that of the Control-paste. A high percentage of non-bioaccessible βC was shown for the Control-peel (79.48%) and Control-paste (70.41%), and the percentage was lower in the UAE samples. The released carotenoids were quantified in a kinetic model, and β-Cr, Lut, and βC were effectively released in mango UAE-peel. The constant release rate, k, did not show significant differences in both samples. A 2-parameter non-linear regression model was the best fit for the release kinetics. The use of UAE on in vitro digestion conditions noticeably improved the bioaccessibility of carotenoids in mango by-products