Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour-case series from five Nigerian Teaching Hospital

Background: Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour (CEOT) also known as Pindborg’s tumour is a relatively rare odontogenic neoplasm of epithelial derivationthat constitutes about 0.4-3% of all intraosseous odontogenic tumours.Objectives: To document all cases of CEOT encountered in five tertiary centres in Nigeria and their clinical, radiologic and histologic characteristics.Design: A retrospective study.Setting: Tertiary Dental Facilities in Lagos, Ibadan, Ife, Port Harcourt and Zaria (all in Nigeria) were involved in the study.Subjects: All odontogenic tumours (OTs) in the period from 1970 -2014. Case file records and biopsy reports were retrieved from the records of the five Teaching Hospitals, to obtain age, gender, location, size, clinical symptoms, pathological reports and radiographic description.Results: Out of a total of 1369 OTs, 20 (1.5%) cases of CEOT were reported. CEOT had a male to female ratio of 1.9:1, with mandible: maxilla ratio of 1.5:1 and the most common location being the premolar /molar region in the mandible. Nine (45%) cases appeared radiolucent while 11(55%) cases had mixed radio density. The mean diameter for mixed radio-dense lesions (4.83±2.99) was higher than that for radiolucent lesions (2.75±1.17) and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.049).Conclusion: CEOT is a rare tumour representing 1.5% of OTs. CEOT presents with some subtle geographic differences in its demography, however, further studies are required to investigate if these differences are coincidental or genetically  determined

Evaluation of accuracy of OraQuick® rapid test in detecting HIV antibodies in saliva of Nigerians

Objective: The accuracy of OraQuick® rapid test in detecting HIV 1 & 2 antibodies in saliva is evaluated against the blood EIA benchmark tests with confirmatory testing, against which OraQuick® accuracy is determined.Method: Paired samples of saliva and blood from 281 Nigerians were tested for HIV antibodies, and compared for sensitivity and specificity. Subjects included in the study were  those who had a complete test, which included saliva test with OraQuick® rapid test, serologic test using conventional Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA), and confirmatory serological test.Result: From the 281 subjects who completed the oral fluid-based OraQuick® tests & EIA with confirmatory tests, 192 were seropositive and 89 seronegative for HIV 1 & 2 antibodies. The  sensitivity (95% CI) of OraQuick® was 98.96% (97.98% to 99.96%) and specificity was 100% thereby comparing favorably with serum EIA with benchmark sensitivity of 100% and specificity (95% CI) of 96.63% (95.61 to 97.56). Conclusion: Saliva based OraQuick® rapid assays for detecting HIV antibodies using oral fluids give accurate sensitivity and specificity results comparable to EIA results with serum samples. They are more acceptable, easier to use and not invasive.Key words: Oraquick, saliva, HIV detectio

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman Disease): Report of a case in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) is a rare, benign disease of unknown aetiology. This disease typically presents with massive, painless cervical lymphadenopathy but may occur in a wide variety of extranodal sites. This report describes a 43-year old man with a left submandibular swelling and left lateral cervical lymphadenopathy clinically suggestive of a malignancy. Initial cytological examination of a fine needle aspirate specimen taken from the mass suggested a chronic granulomatous inflammatory lesion. A definitive diagnosis of SHML was however made only after excisional biopsy of the lesion. The patient was followed up for 6 months and no recurrence of the lesion was observed. SHML may be considered a rare lesion among Nigerians. Knowledge of its clinical presentation with understanding of the differentials diagnosis is important to avoid unnecessary intervention. The diagnosis can be made from FNAC, histopathology and immune-histochemistry. There is no ideal protocol for the treatment. Follow-up is however necessary to detect relapses.Keywords: Sinus histiocytosis; lymphadenopathy; Nigeria

Ectopic molar in the maxillary antrum presenting as recurrent maxillary sinusitis and halitosis

Ectopic eruption of teeth into the maxillary sinus is a rare phenomenon and can present in a variety of ways such as chronic or recurrent sinusitis, sepsis, nasolacrimal duct obstruction, headaches, osteomeatal complex and halitosis. However most cases are asymptomatic and are only discovered by chance especially through panoramic A case of a 29 year old female who presented with a 5 year history of chronic sinusitis and halitosis radiography who had done several periapical x-rays and had used various antibiotics to no effect. An ectopic tooth was discovered through an OPG and with removal of the tooth all symptoms subsided.Nig Dent J Vol 20 No. 1 Jan - June 201

Clinicohistopathological Analysis of 5 Nigerian cases of Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of the Jaws.

Background: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), is a soft tissue sarcoma that occurs predominantly in the soft tissue of the extremities. It rarely occurs in facial bones. Few cases in the jaws have been reported.Objective: To report and review the relevant clinicopathologic features of 5 cases of jaw MFH in Nigerians.Methods: All cases in the records of the Department of Oral Pathology of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital which were histologically diagnosed as MFH were retrieved. Hematoxylin and eosin slides of cases were re-examined to confirm diagnosis. Information retrieved included age ,sex, location , x-ray , estimated duration , recurrence, and histological presentation. Data was analyzed using SPSS statistical package.Results: Age ranged between 12- 42 years with a male sex predilection (3 cases/ 60.0%) and sole maxillary site predilection(5cases /100.0%). Estimated duration of lesion ranged from 2 -12 months. Two cases recurred post surgical treatment. All cases presented as the storiformpleomorphic type with one case presenting with a delicate / scanty connective tissue stroma. Chronic inflammation was scanty in the two cases that recurred.Conclusion: MFH of the jaws is rare among Nigerians. Its clinico radiological presentation maymimick other more aggressive or less benign lesions of the jaws thereby resulting in misdiagnosis and in appropriate patient management.Key words: Malignant; fibrous ;histiocytoma, Nigeri