Impacts of Export Tax of Cocoa Beans on Indonesian Economy.

In recent years, there is a significant decline of cocoa beans in terms of exports value and share after 2010. Several studies claimed that this downward trend was caused by the introduction of an export tax on cocoa beans in 2010. Nevertheless, there are limited studies on the impacts of decreasing cocoa beans exports to the Indonesian economy. Therefore, this study aimed to simulate the impacts of the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans to the economy as well as unemployment. Methodology of this study utilised the Input-Output Table. In particular, this study calculated the impacts of export tax on cocoa beans to the changes of output, primary inputs, and unemployment in several scenarios. The main result of this study was that at extreme scenario, where the cocoa beans sector\u27s export was eliminated, the impacts on the whole economy and unemployment were insignificant. Moreover, this study found that the impacts on value added such as decreasing of profit were relatively higher than decreasing ra te on the output and others value added such as salary and wages and indirect taxes. On the other hand, this study argued that even though the introduction of export tax effectively reduced raw cocoa beans exports, there was an increasing on the exports\u27 value on the down stream industries

Augmented Reality Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Inovatif Di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0

The main purpose of this paper is to uncover the results of a survey study regarding teacher opinions on the use of Augmented Reality (AR) in learning. For this purpose, marker-based cellular augmented reality applications have been developed and computer hardware is used as training material. In addition, teachers are given training for four days to get to know the basics of augmented reality technology, the software used, the environment to create marker-based AR objects. The data was collected through surveys and open-ended questions on teachers who are members of the English MGMP Kab. 50 cities. The tools and technology needed to develop AR and development experience are also shared. According to the survey results teachers are very enthusiastic about using augmented reality in their learning. The result of this article is the perception of the use of Augmented Reality technology for the development of instructional media by English teachers in the positive category

Analisis Harga Pokok Dan Bentuk Pasar Pakan Dan Kaitannya Dengan Pengembangan Agribisnis Ayam Ras Rakyat

One of the government central function is to ensure fair distribution of income more than 14 years, the government has tried to keep poultry industry as a source of income for small scale business under the Presidential Decree, No. 50/81 and No. 22/90. Meanwhile, poultry population had increased steadily, but the poultry industry has developed into a large scale business. The objective of this study is to analyze the role of feed factories under the condition that small scale poultry business has found difficult to develop. The empirical data were collected from poultry farms, feed factories, traders of raw material in West Java, East Java and Lampung. The result indicated that there are a trend toward monopolistic and conglomeration practices in feed and poultry industries. Based on these findings of the study, the government should control the poultry industry market mechanism and the role of enterprise permit should be organized

Arah Restrukturisasi Industri Agribisnis Perunggasan Di Indonesia

Tahun 1997-1998 merupakan periode yang krusial bagi negara kita. badai krisis moneter telah memporakporandakan perekonomian Indonesia. Produksi dan harga-harga baik di Indonesia serta industri di negara-negara Asia lainnya tidak dapat berkutik lagi. Banyak industri yang tergantung kepada bahan baku impor menjadi bangkrut. Salah satu dari industri ini adalah industri peternakan unggas. Saat ini (1997-1998), produksi telur dan daging terus menurun. Makalah ini menggambarkan struktur industri Perunggasan secara jelas, teliti dan menarik. Di dapatkan bahwa sumber-sumber ketidakefisienan yang utama di dalam industri unggas adalah industri makanan ternak, pembibitan, dan skala USAha ternak . Kesimpulan utama adalah peningkatan skala USAha industri makanan ternak akan membawa peningkatan ketidakmerataan distribusi pendapatan. Pemecahan masalah yang utama dalam mendirikan industri Perunggasan yang mapan adalah dengan menghilangkan peraturan-peraturan atau hambatan-hambatan lainnya dalam meningkatkan daya saing dan mendorong peternak skala kecil ke dalam arena yang sudah mapa

Effect of Apple Juice on Whitening Teeth After Immersion in Coffee Solution in Vitro

The Background of this research because one of the extrinsic cause teeth discoloration is excessive coffee consumption. To cope teeth discoloration whitening teeth done either with chemicals or natural ingredients. Apples (Malus sylvestris Mill) is one of the fruits that contain Malic acid, substance that can whitening teeth. The General Objective is to determine the effect of giving apple juice (Malus sylvestris Mill) on a teeth that has been soaked in coffee solution on teeth whitening in vitro. Materials and Methods research is experimental laboratory use elements of the permanent maxillary premolar tooth from extraction indications orthodontic treatment, free of caries and hypoplasia as a sample of 12 pieces, divided into 2 groups. The first group as a control group with 100 ml distilled water immersion. The second group as the treatment group using apple juice immersion with 75% concentration. Samples of tooth element has immersed first in coffee solution during 2 weeks until discoloration then immersed according to the group for 2 weeks (3x@5minutes a day), then measured the color changes of tooth. The Result with Paired T-test showed significant effect on the group before treatment and after treatment (p <0.05). Independen T-test result showed significant difference between the control group immersed in 100 ml distilled water and treatment group, immersed in apple juice 75% concentration. Conclusion of the results showed that apple juice has the ability to whiten the tooth enamel surface that changes color because of immersion in coffee solution so it can return to the original color before discoloration

Petroleum Degradation in Soil by Thermophilic Bacteria with Biopile Reactor

Crude oil degradation has been carried out using biopile reactor in TPH concentration of 5%, 10% and 15%. Thethermophilic microorganism used from isolation result and identification are Aeromonas salmonicida, Bacilluspantothenticus, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Biodegrade of biopile reactor done by various concentration TotalPetroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH), Total Plate Count (TPC), and Volatile Suspended Solid (VSS) per day during 30 day.Biodegrade kinetic parameter calculated are m, mm, Y, Yt, Yobs, Kd, Ks from TPH concentration decision, TPC andVSS in every microorganism with t (observation time) that is 0 hour to 168 hour. Crude oil separation efficiency in abiople reactor shows that the largest separation occurs on a starting TPH concentrate of 15% which was 61.8% later onfollowed on a starting TPH concentrate of 10% and 5% which was as much as 61% and 48.4%

Management of Mangrove Ecosystem Potency in Kuala Langsa, Aceh

The potency of mangrove ecosystems can be a provider of economic resources, preserving the ecological environment and providing environmental services. The existence of mangroves in Kuala Langsa is important to study about the economic potential, the potential of carbon sequestration in the form of biomass, coastal tourism potential and social potential of society in support of its development efforts. The result of the research shows that the potential existence of mangrove ecosystem to fishery sector is Rp. 657.563.000 / year, carbon sequestration potential in the form of biomass of 180.365 ton /year, with the economic value of carbon trade of Rp. 2.344.745.000/year, economic potential of coastal tourism reached Rp 22,921,107,253/year. Overall, the estimated total potential of existing mangrove ecosystems in Kuala Langsa is Rp. 29.923.415.253/year. To manage these potentials, a conservation strategy is required, performance improvement of customary institutions and the existence of such management institutions must be continuously strengthened

Tinjauan Yuridis terhadap Putusan Hakim dalam Perkara Nomor 1.513/pid.b/2014/pn.mdn Tentang Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Illegal Satwa Liar yang Dilindungi Dikaitkan dengan Prinsip Keadilan

The wildlife is all the animals that live on land, or in water, or in the air and still has the properties of wild, free-living well and are maintained by humans. In this case, the case of the crime of illegal trade in wild sata in each year has increased. It can be seen from the role of law enforcement in arresting perpetrators of illegal trade of protected wildlife is increasingly rife, especially in the city of Medan. Because now the actor has been expanding sales operations area wildlife. In this case relates to the criminal verdict against the perpetrators of such offenses, the judges decision, especially Medan District Court judge in imposing a sentence for criminal illegal trade in wildlife must provide a deterrent effect to the defendant within the jurisdiction of the District Court of Medan. The purpose of this thesis, namely: the first verdict Judge in case number 1513 / Pid.B / 2014 / PN.Mdn already reflects the principle of fairness, the second, the demands of Attorney in case number 1513 / Pid.B / 2014 / PN.Mdn are in accordance with the principles of justice, third, Attorney reason not to take legal actions in this case. This type of research can be classified into types of normative research, because in this study the author directly by the judges ruling in case number 1513 / Pid.B / 2014 / PN.Mdn. In the data collection techniques to examined in this study, the data sources used, the primary data, secondary data, and the data tertiary. Data collection techniques in this study with kepustakan studies, interviews and laws. From the research, there are three main issues that can be inferred. First, the Court decision in perkar number 1513 / Pid.B / 2014 / PN.Mdn very light of the prosecution. In the criminal provisions of Law No. 5 of 1990 shall be punished with imprisonment of ten (10) years and a fine of Rp. 200,000,000.00 (two hundred million rupiah). Second, the prosecutor demands in this case, the prosecutor in carrying out professional duties to the prosecutor in the prosecution of the defendant, should really look and pay attention to the evidence that has been found and has been proven in court. Third, based on the demands of the Prosecutor in the prosecution of the accused, the prosecutor should take legal actions against the criminal cases of illegal wildlife trade is protected. Suggestions author, First, in terms of implementing the authority and obligation to uphold the law, then the judge should pay more attention to the elements of a crime so that in addition to considering the aggravating and relieve the defendant. Secondly, should the prosecutor to make an appeal. So the criminal cases of illegal trade of protected wildlife, the number of cases is declining and the law enforcement agencies could save endangered animals to extinction in Indonesia, especially Medan.Keywords:Decision-Justice-Crime-Wildlif