Development of a System for Counting of People Using MultiCamera and Sensors

There has always been the issue of knowing the number of people present in a place such as symposiums, workshops, religious centres. Manual methods have often been employed. During the use of manual methods, the ushers are required are to stand along the pathways, this can then result to congestion in the pathway or even cause the speaker to lose focus. This paper focuses on to solving the problem of overcrowding and at the same time counting of people available in a place per time. In the paper, image sensing camera were used, the sensing device coupled with the camera were used to capture the image of people in a learning environment. MATLAB/SIMULINK software were used for the experiment. The result showed that the method is 85.4 % accurate with the ground-truth of 254 and TP of 217

IMPACT OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE IN 21ST CENTURY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

An electric vehicle has been around for several decades. Still, the advancement in Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) further relegated it to the background, but due to the environmental implication of fossil fuel sources as a means of powering ICE vehicles. The world is focusing on sustainable and renewable energy, as efforts are made to diversify into other fuel sources. The electric vehicle has shown the tremendous potential of been an alternate means for the transportation industry. Despite the successes thus far, there remains a significant challenge of Electric Vehicles, which is the cost of purchase and charging infrastructure in the developing countries. However, the benefits are numerous and thus outweigh the challenges. The accrued benefits are connected with the environmental condition, human state of health, negligible CO2 and harmful emissions, economic growth, and development. This study gives an insight into the impact assessment of Electric Automobiles, identifying the challenges and opportunities and the benefits

The effect of residence time and temperature on product yields during the pyrolysis of coconut husks

This study explains the effect of residence time and temperature on product yield obtained from Coconut husks' pyrolysis. The husk of the coconut was prepared in the required sizes for the experiment. The experiment was carried out on eighteen different coconut husks at different temperature ranges and varying residence time. The coconut husk pyrolysis was confirmed to give three product yields: char (solid), tar (liquid), and the gaseous fuel, while a polynomial regression model was developed using the Response surface methodology (RSM) to create a polynomial regression model. The effect of pyrolysis temperature level change and its product yield duration was investigated using Full Factorial Design (FFD). Generally, during the pyrolysis process, it can be observed that temperature and reaction time have a strong outcome on the product yields. When the pyrolysis temperature increases at constant residence time, the biogas production increases, and vice versa

Walk-Through Energy Audit of An Institutional Building

Improving energy efficiency requires detailed information on energy utilization. Many a times, institutional buildings across developing countries are not energy efficient. Thus, they require quantitative energy consumption audit information. This study outlines daily, weekly and annually projected energy consumption in an academic building within Nigeria. Measurements of the energy utilizations of the building were in accordance to ASHRAE Standard 22, ASHRAE/IES Standard 100-2015 and BCA Health Check report guidelines. Results showed that HVAC appliances and electrical motors driven gadgets consumed 36% and 61.9% of the total energy supplied. In conclusion, improving energy efficiency of similar facilities requires energy conservation practice in terms operating motors and other HVAC devices off idle-time and non-occupancy period respectively

Numerical modeling of heat transfer performance and optimization of car radiator using (H2O/Al2O3) nanofluids as coolant

The combustion of fuel in an engine is an exothermic reaction that releases a tremendous amount of heat. Some of this heat is escapes with the exhaust gases while the remaining is absorbed by the engine parts. Excessive heating of the engine cylinder can lead to the premature detonation of the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder, piston scuffing, damage of valves and guides, thermal stress buildup and gasket failure. Most engines utilize a liquid cooling system to transfer the heat from the engine to the surroundings. The radiator is a vital part of an automobile cooling system. Water and other coolants such as ethylene glycol are usually applied to dispel heat from the engine to the environment through the radiator. Nanofluids have a higher thermal conductivity than water and ethylene glycol, and for this reason, it has been receiving attention as a better alternative to the conventional coolants. In this study, the thermal performance of water and aluminum oxide nanofluids were investigated numerically. The radiator understudy was a crossflow radiator. Solidworks 2017 flow simulation software was used to carry out the numerical investigation. The same inlet temperature, flow rate and environmental conditions were used for both the water and nanofluid coolant operating in the radiator. Four different concentrations of the nanofluid were considered in this study, to determine the effect of concentration on the performance of the radiator. At a 1% concentration of Al2O3, the enhancement in the heat transfer rate and heat transfer coefficient (coolant side) are 0.86% and 6.98% respectively. While at 4% concentration, the enhancement in heat transfer rate and heat transfer coefficient is 12.03% and 14.31% compared to water. The results of this study prove that nanofluid is a better heat transfer fluid compared to water and serve as a better alternative for application in car radiators

Surface Chemistry Studies of Emission and Thermal Behaviour of Developed Composites for Building Ceiling Materials

The emission of harmful elements from burning building ceiling materials and their attendant health effects on inhabitants within the vicinity of the emitted harmful elements is increasingly becoming a source of concern globally. Hence, the need to develop eco‐friendly flame‐retardant composite materials suitable for house ceiling purposes to forestall unwanted toxic emissions. This work identified the chemical structure of developed composite products and their emission performance during combustion. X‐ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis was used for phase quantification and E550 combustion gas analyzer for emission characterization of the developed composites. Thermolyne 950 °C oven was employed for the combustion analysis of the prepared composite at 500 °C. Quasi negligible SO2 and CO2 levels existed, while A4, 0.3Aldr0.23Cmt0.3Si0.05G0.12CS recorded maximum CO level, indicating toxic affluence. The low mass losses of all composite materials, especially for A2, 0.6Aldr0.34Cmt0.05G0.01OBSretard significantly due to its activities by the retardant constituent. The flame retardant nature of all produced composites was evidenced in their elemental composition. There was an absence of a flammable element and stable insulating compounds providing retardance to flame occurrences. These suppressions in flame inclination of the reinforced materials were noticed within the boundaries of the ceiling crystals from the structural examination. The intermetallic phase from the diffraction intensities showed the presence of a significant second bond interstitial solid‐phase across the matrix, especially for 0.6Aldr0.34Cmt0.05G0.01OBS ceiling material. This study has established the eco‐friendliness of developed building ceiling composite and the potential to reduce the importation of building ceilings. The developed ceiling composite evidently demonstrated high potential to compete favourably with imported ceiling materials in terms of fire resistance performance, low cost of production, and abundant availability of raw materials in the environment. Oil beanstalk is a novel material introduced as a reinforcement to developed building ceiling composite. This research provides a blueprint for manufacturers, construction and allied industry, and stakeholders in developing ecofriendly flame retardant composite ceilings whose materials can be readily sourced locally available in the environment

Thermodynamics analysis and performance optimization of a reheat – Regenerative steam turbine power plant with feed water heaters

This study investigates the thermodynamics performance analysis of a reheat-regenerative steam power plant using CyclePad V2.0 software. The impact of closed Feedwater Heaters (FWHs) on the functionality indices of the selected power plant was examined. Results of the study show that as the number of closed FWH increases from one to ten, the thermal efficiency and boiler efficiency rise from 42.17% to 45.97% and 79% to 96.4%, respectively. The fuel consumption, heat rejected to the condenser, heat rate, network output and heat input to the power cycle decrease from 9.697 kg/s to 4.686 kg/s, 209.32 kJ/kg to 129.68 kJ/kg, 8536.87 kJ/kWh to 8318.48 kJ/kWh, 152.22 MW to 102.89 MW and 361.11 kJ/kg to 237.98 kJ/kg, respectively as the number of FWHs increased. On the contrary, specific steam consumption increases from 0.0234 kg/kWh to 0.0370 kg/kWh. Moreover, fuel consumption decreases by 51.7% and the efficiency gain (η) successively diminish with increment in the number of closed FWHs. Also, both enthalpy rise and temperature rise increase with increase in the number of closed FWHs. As the number of heaters increases, so is the total temperature rise of feed water (Δtfw), by regeneration, less becomes the heat added to water in the boiler, more becomes the mean temperature of heat addition, and more is the cycle efficiency. This result implies that a decrease in operating cost of the plant and environmental impacts can be achieved with an increase in the number of closed FWHs. Hence, this study establishes the importance of closed FWHs in revamping the performance of a steam power plant

A GIS – based method for assessment and mapping of noise pollution in Ota metropolis, Nigeria

A detailed method used for assessing and mapping noise pollution levels in Ota metropolis, Nigeria using ArcGIS 10.5 Software is presented in this paper. Noise readings were measured at a time interval of 30 min for each site considered using a precision grade soundlevel meter. The noise map developed was based on the computed values of average equivalent noise (LAeq) for the selected locations. Results of this study show that the A weighted sound level (LAeq), the background noise level (L10) and the peak noise level (L90) vary with location and period of the day due to traffic characteristics especially traffic volume, vehicle horns, vehicle mounted speakers, and unmuffled vehicles at road Junctions, major roads, motor parks and commercial centres. Based on the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) recommendations and standards, only one (1) out of the 41 locations considered is under normally acceptable situation, while 12 locations are under normally unacceptable and the noise levels of the rest locations are clearly unacceptable. Results of this study are useful as reference and guideline for future planning and regulations on noise limit to be implemented for urban areas like Ota Metropolis