Las Vegas Rev. J. v. Clark Cty. Ofc. of the Coroner/Med. Exam’r., 138 Nev. Adv. Op. 80 (Dec. 15, 2022)

A District Court Judge must adequately explain a reduction of an appropriately granted award of attorney’s fees under the Nevada Public Records Act (NPRA).2 The explanation must consider the four Brunzell factors: (1) quality of the advocate; (2) the character of the work needed to be done; (3) the work performed; and (4) the result.3 Generally, the greater the amount of the reduction, the more thorough an explanation must be

An Occupational Therapy Guide for Entry-Level Therapists not Specializing in the Treatment of Upper Extremity Dysfunction: Three Common Cumulative Trauma Injuries

According to Kasch, Greenberg, and Muenzen (2003), occupational therapists (OTs) who are initiating entry into upper extremity orthopaedic therapy specialization do not have the knowledge and skills of experienced therapists; a concerning viewpoint considering the fairly high rate of cumulative trauma injuries each year in the United States. Carpal metacarpal osteoarthritis occurs in “approximately 8% of all adults” (Hunter, Schneider, Mackin & Callahan, 1990, p. 886), whereas ulnar neuropathy at the elbow occurs in “10 to 15 percent of adults” (Trumble, 2000, p. 327). “Tennis elbow occurs in approximately one third of the tennis population because of the requirements of sustained power gripping and repetitive use of the wrist extensors” (Hunter, Mackin, Callahan, 1995 p. 1816) and there is an overall reporting by the World Health Organization (2008) that one in seven Americans will sustain a musculoskeletal injury. While many occupational therapists subscribe to specialize in this area of patient treatment, there are multitudes of OTs who are required to treat patients with upper extremity orthopaedic injuries in non-specialized clinics. This poses a problem as many entry-level therapists or practicing OTs have limited experience in the areas of upper extremity orthopaedic dysfunction. While entry-level occupational therapy programs often provide overviews of specialty areas, which include upper extremity orthopaedics, an already crowded curriculum provides restrictive time limits and prevents in-depth coverage of these areas. In addition to the limitations of entry-level occupational therapy orthopaedic exposure, there is a dearth of occupational therapy literature for the entry-level occupational therapist audience. Additionally, literature that does exist is often costly and unaffordable for small clinics in which therapists treat a small number of patients with upper extremity orthopaedic dysfunction. The intention of this product is to provide a cost-effective, comprehensive overview of three common cumulative trauma injuries for the entry-level occupational therapist who is not specializing in the care of patients with upper extremity orthopaedic dysfunction. To write this entry-level protocol for therapists not specializing in the treatment of upper extremity dysfunction, a search for references was conducted. References that were utilized were derived from a variety of literary sources which included the Journal of Hand Therapy and The American Journal of Occupational Therapy. Pre-existing hand therapy protocols were also used. This product includes definitions, prevalence, evaluation, and treatment methods of the three most common cumulative hand injuries: lateral epicondylitis, CMC osteoarthritis and ulnar neuropathy. The information provided within the product may be beneficial for use by entry-level occupational therapists who are not experienced with treating patients with upper extremity dysfunction. The handbook will provide entry-level occupational therapists with ideas on which evaluations are commonly used on certain diagnosis. The handbook will also cover the types of treatment interventions used with specific diagnosis along with corresponding timelines when these treatment methods are the most effective

Public transit, obesity, and medical costs: Assessing the magnitudes

Objective. This paper assesses the potential benefits of increased walking and reduced obesity associated with taking public transit in terms of dollars of medical costs saved and disability avoided. Methods. I conduct a new analysis of a nationally representative U.S. transportation survey to gauge the net increase in walking associated with public transit usage. I translate minutes spent walking into energy expenditures and reductions in obesity prevalence, estimating the present value of costs and disability that may be avoided. Results. Taking public transit is associated with walking 8.3 more minutes per day on average, or an additional 25.7–39.0 kcal. Hill et al. [Hill, J.O., Wyatt, H.R., Reed, G.W., Peters, J.C., 2003. Obesity and the environment: Where do we go from here? Science 299 (5608), 853–855] estimate that an increase in net expenditure of 100 kcal/day can stop the increase in obesity in 90% of the population. Additional walking associated with public transit could save $5500 per person in present value by reducing obesity related medical costs. Savings in quality-adjusted life years could be even higher. Conclusions. While no silver bullet, walking associated with public transit can have a substantial impact on obesity, costs, and well-being. Further research is warranted on the net impact of transit usage on all behaviors, including caloric intake and other types of exercise, and on whether policies can promote transit usage at acceptable cost

Integration of Cereal Cover Crops and Synthetic Auxin Herbicides into Rowcrop Production and Weed Management

The occurrence of herbicide resistance weeds across the southern United States has been increasing. Research is needed to develop alternative control measures, while supporting sound agronomic practices. Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to evaluate cereal cover cropping techniques along with novel herbicides to determine their value for Mississippi growers. Field studies were performed to determine which combination of cereal cover crops (cereal rye, wheat and oats) and residual herbicides (S-metolachlor + metribuzin, S-metolachlor + fomesafen, pendimethalin, flumioxazin, sulfentrazone + metribuzin and pyroxasulfone + flumioxazin) would maximize soybean yield in the presence of weeds. Cereal cover crop termination methods were evaluated and a partial budget was generated to examine the total costs of growing soybeans utilizing cereal cover crops and residual herbicides. Residual herbicide applications averaged across all cereal cover crops controlled Amaranthus spp. greater than 89% by 28 DAT. Control by the cover crops alone was 67% for of Amaranthus spp. In all cereal species tested, cutting the cover crops 10 cm above the soil and leaving the residue reduced weed numbers compared to other termination methods. However, high production and implementation costs may prevent widespread adoption of cereal cover crops and residual herbicides in Mississippi. Aminocyclopyrachlor (AMCP) is a synthetic auxin herbicide currently labeled for non-crop use, but has characteristics which may make it useful as a preplant burndown (PPB) herbicide. The application of AMCP prior to planting of corn and cotton were evaluated and carryover effects to soybean were also evaluated. Tank mix combinations of AMCP with residual herbicides (rimsulfuron, flumioxazin, pyroxasulfone, pyroxasulfone+ flumioxazin and atrazine) were also evaluated. A rate titration of AMCP and its impacts on crop species were evaluated in the greenhouse. Corn showed tolerance to AMCP except at 0.28 kg ai ha-1 applied prior to planting. Cotton was sensitive to AMCP as rate increased closer to the planting date, but response depended upon soil texture. AMCP impacts on soybean showed greater sensitivity (90% injury) then all other species evaluated. Due to potential impacts on soybean and cotton, AMCP is not a potential PPB for use in Mississippi

Integration of Cereal Cover Crops and Synthetic Auxin Herbicides into Rowcrop Production and Weed Management

The occurrence of herbicide resistance weeds across the southern United States has been increasing. Research is needed to develop alternative control measures, while supporting sound agronomic practices. Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to evaluate cereal cover cropping techniques along with novel herbicides to determine their value for Mississippi growers. Field studies were performed to determine which combination of cereal cover crops (cereal rye, wheat and oats) and residual herbicides (S-metolachlor + metribuzin, S-metolachlor + fomesafen, pendimethalin, flumioxazin, sulfentrazone + metribuzin and pyroxasulfone + flumioxazin) would maximize soybean yield in the presence of weeds. Cereal cover crop termination methods were evaluated and a partial budget was generated to examine the total costs of growing soybeans utilizing cereal cover crops and residual herbicides. Residual herbicide applications averaged across all cereal cover crops controlled Amaranthus spp. greater than 89% by 28 DAT. Control by the cover crops alone was 67% for of Amaranthus spp. In all cereal species tested, cutting the cover crops 10 cm above the soil and leaving the residue reduced weed numbers compared to other termination methods. However, high production and implementation costs may prevent widespread adoption of cereal cover crops and residual herbicides in Mississippi. Aminocyclopyrachlor (AMCP) is a synthetic auxin herbicide currently labeled for non-crop use, but has characteristics which may make it useful as a preplant burndown (PPB) herbicide. The application of AMCP prior to planting of corn and cotton were evaluated and carryover effects to soybean were also evaluated. Tank mix combinations of AMCP with residual herbicides (rimsulfuron, flumioxazin, pyroxasulfone, pyroxasulfone+ flumioxazin and atrazine) were also evaluated. A rate titration of AMCP and its impacts on crop species were evaluated in the greenhouse. Corn showed tolerance to AMCP except at 0.28 kg ai ha-1 applied prior to planting. Cotton was sensitive to AMCP as rate increased closer to the planting date, but response depended upon soil texture. AMCP impacts on soybean showed greater sensitivity (90% injury) then all other species evaluated. Due to potential impacts on soybean and cotton, AMCP is not a potential PPB for use in Mississippi

Control and dispersal of Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.)

2011 Summer.Includes bibliographical references.To view the abstract, please see the full text of the document

Efficacy of Antidepressant Drugs for the Treatment of Covid-19

In adult populations (18-65), does the administration of antidepressants, compared to not administering antidepressants, reduce the severity of the Covid-19 infection? Current treatment protocols for Covid-19 virus are still new and needing improvement. Discovering a new pharmacologic approach has been on the forefront of medical research since the beginning of the pandemic. The purpose of this paper is analyzing the efficacy of antidepressant drugs for reducing morbidity and mortality associated with Covid-19 virus. A literature search was conducted using Cinahl, Google Scholar, and UMaine Nursing Reference Center. The search words included covid, covid-19, pandemic, coronavirus, antidepressants, and SSRI. The inclusion criteria were all adults, male and female aged 18-65. The exclusion criteria included all viruses other than Covid-19, patients under 18, and patients over 65. Our search included 10 articles. Studies found that the administration of antidepressants has the potential to decrease the severity of the Covid-19 infection and improve outcomes. Specific antidepressants including fluoxetine and fluvoxamine were shown to decrease mortality in patients with Covid. Other studies suggest venlafaxine, mirtazapine, paroxetine, and escitalopram limited the need for intubation in those with serious covid infections. Promising research has emerged in the past few years suggesting there may be a link between antidepressant use and decreased symptoms of Covid-19. Some even suggest the use of certain antidepressants can decrease the risk of contracting the virus. Because Covid-19 is a relatively new disease, more research is needed to truly determine the applications antidepressants could have on patients who have contracted the virus