Adjusted GDM incidence rates by maternal region of birth and age at delivery, Victoria 1999–2008 adjusted for plurality, marital status and SES.

<p>Adjusted GDM incidence rates by maternal region of birth and age at delivery, Victoria 1999–2008 adjusted for plurality, marital status and SES.</p

Demographic characteristics of primiparous women delivering in Victoria by residential area socioeconomic status* and maternal region of birth, Victoria 1999–2008.

<p>Demographic characteristics of primiparous women delivering in Victoria by residential area socioeconomic status* and maternal region of birth, Victoria 1999–2008.</p

Crude and adjusted incidence rates and incidence odds ratios of GDM by residential area socio-economic status, Victoria 1999–2008.

<p>Crude and adjusted incidence rates and incidence odds ratios of GDM by residential area socio-economic status, Victoria 1999–2008.</p

Incidence rates and incidence odds of GDM by maternal region of birth, Victoria 1999–2008.

<p>Incidence rates and incidence odds of GDM by maternal region of birth, Victoria 1999–2008.</p

Cox regression analysis showing the association the <i>KCNJ11</i> E23K variant with incident prediabetes.

<p>HWE: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium; EAF: Effect allele frequency; n: Number; HR: Hazards ratio; CI: Confidence interval; P: P-value; Ref: Reference.</p

Multinomial logistic regression analysis showing the association of the <i>KCNJ11</i> E23K variant with progression to prediabetes and progression to T2DM at the end of the 12-year study.

<p>HWE: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium; EAF: Effect allele frequency; n: Number; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; P: P-value.</p

Forest Plot.

<p>Meta-analysis of eight prospective studies on the association of <i>KCNJ11</i> E23K variant with incident T2DM. The shaded diamonds represent the individual OR of each study. The size of these shaded diamonds were proportional to the study weighting in the meta-analysis. The un-shaded diamonds indicate the combined ORs calculated under the fixed and random effect models. The 95% confidence intervals are demonstrated by the horizontal lines.</p

Baseline clinical characteristics of subjects who showed no progression, progression to prediabetes and progression to T2DM at the end of 12-year.

<p>Bonferroni Post Hoc test was applied for multiple comparisons. No progression as reference.</p><p>*P<0.05; ** P<0.01; *** P<0.001.</p><p>Data as mean±standard deviation or median with interquartile range. <b>^a</b> Natural-log-transformed before analysis. NGT: Normal glucose tolerance; IGT: Impaired glucose tolerance; IFG: Impaired fasting glucose; BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference; FPG: Fasting plama glucose; 2 hrG: 2 hr post-OGTT glucose; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance; HOMA-beta: homeostasis model assessment index for beta-cell function.</p

Multiple Cox regression analyses showing factors independently associated with incident prediabetes.

a<p>Natural-log-transformed before analysis.</p>b<p>Model 1: Multiple adjustments made for age, sex, BMI and fasting glucose.</p>c<p>Model 2: Multiple adjustments made for age, sex, BMI, fasting glucose and 2-hr glucose.</p>d<p>Model 3: Multiple adjustments made for age, sex, BMI and HOMA-IR.</p><p>BMI: Body mass index; FPG: Fasting plama glucose; 2 hrG: 2 hr post-OGTT glucose; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; P: P-value.</p

Multiple multinomial logistic regression showing the association of the <i>KCNJ11</i> E23K variant with progression to prediabetes and progression to T2DM, adjusted for confounding factors.

a<p>Model 1: Multiple adjustments made for age, sex, BMI and fasting glucose.</p>b<p>Model 2: Multiple adjustments made for age, sex, BMI, fasting glucose and 2-hr glucose.</p>c<p>Model 3: Multiple adjustments made for age, sex, BMI and HOMA-IR.</p><p>OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; P: P-value; Ref: Reference.</p