Distribution of heavy metals in the different parts of Cerithidea obtusa and the relationships between metal distribution and allometric parameters of the snail

The intertidal gastropod, Cerithidea obtusa were obtained from Bako and Sematan (Sarawak) and Deralik (Perak). Besides the shell, the snails were dissected into five different soft tissues. The soft tissues and the shell were then analysed for heavy metals. It was found that the highest concentrations of Cu (112 - 178 μg/g dw) and Zn (117 - 161 μg/g dw) were found in the tentacle; the highest concentrations of Cd (4.41 - 5.37 μg/g dw), Pb (53.2 - 63.8 μg/g dw) and Ni (26.1 - 27.9μg/g dw) were found in the shell. On the other hand, the highest Fe concentrations (910 - 2921 μg/g dw) were found in the operculum. The Spearman’s correlation coefficient and multiple stepwise linear regression also revealed that the allometric parameters can influence the distribution of heavy metals in some of the different parts. From the present findings indicated that the heavy metals accumulated by the C. obtusa from the environment might affect its physical growth, which was shown by the negative correlations found between the metals in the different parts with the allometric parameters

Heavy metal concentrations in the different tissues of Chicoreus capucinus : the significance as a biomonitor.

The present study aims at to determine the concentrations of Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in the different parts of Chicoreus capucinus of Janggut River. Generally, it was found that the different soft tissues accumulated higher concentrations of essential Cu, Fe and Zn. In particular, the snail digestive caecum was highly accumulative of Cu while the snail’s digestive tract (glands, caecum and intestines) was also highly accumulatively of Zn. The snail’s operculum was highly accumulative of Fe. As for the shell, it was highly accumulative of nonessential Ni and Pb. Different levels of metals in the different tissues of C. capucinusindicated the metal regulation in the different tissues are different due to difference in metallothionein binding sites. Therefore, it was suggested that C. capucinuscould be a new biomonitor to monitor heavy metal bioavailabilities and contamination in the Malaysian intertidal area as recommended by the Mussel Watch Program

The Different Capability Of Metal Uptake In The Shell Of Perna Viridis Compared To The Different Soft Tissues: A Statistical Approach

Distribution of metals in bivalves is usually examined based on different metal concentrations in the different tissues of the bivalves. Patterns of metal distribution between the shells and the different soft tissues of two geographical populations of the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis were investigated. The correlation analysis showed insignificant correlation between the shells and the different soft tissues. The multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that the shells were not influential in metal accumulation in the total soft tissues. The cluster analysis showed that the shells were clustered differently, as a single entity, from the rest of the different soft tissues. All these findings indicate that the capability of metal uptake by the shell of Perna viridis differs

An Assessment Of Metal Distribution And Metal Soluble Fractions In The Edible Molluscs From Malaysia

The present study focused on the heavy metal concentrations in the different parts of 12 species of Malaysian molluscs, six species of bivalves and gastropods, respectively. The aim of the present study was to provide information on the concentrations of the essential metals: Cu, Fe and Zn and the non-essential metals: Cd, Ni and Pb in the edible tissues of molluscs with particular reference to the food safety and ecotoxicological points of views. For bivalves, Cu, Fe and Zn concentrations in the edible parts ranged at 1.80-79.8 μg/g dw, 42.9-4895 μg/g dw and 28.3-379 μg/g dw, respectively. While for Cd, Pb and Ni, they ranged at 0.253-22.4 μg/g dw, 0.558-46.5 μg/g dw and 0.656-23.6 μg/g dw, respectively. As for gastropods, Cu, Fe and Zn concentrations in the edible parts ranged at 1.97-686 μg/g dw, 51.2-2921 μg/g dw, 22.8-337 μg/g dw, respectively. While for Cd, Pb and Ni, they ranged at 0.159-32.9 μg/g dw, 1.20-43.0 μg/g dw and 0.222-27.9 μg/g dw, respectively. The study on the soluble and insoluble heavy metal fractions revealed that an abundance of soluble metals like Cd, Pb and Ni were consistently found in some tissues of the molluscs such as in the foot, mantle and muscle and they could potentially be transferred through the food web (predators). The total metal concentrations in the different parts were compared with the food permissible limits set by six organizations around the world. However, to overcome the overestimation of food safety based on the total metal concentrations in the different edible tissues, determination of the metal soluble fractions in the tissues were further investigated in this study. The soluble concentrations were compared with the permissible limits set by the Environmental health Criteria (1998, 2001) and the FAO/WHO (1984). From the present findings, it was found that consumption of large amounts of Per. viridis, G. expansa and most of the gastropods could pose metal toxic to their consumer. The elevated of Cu and Zn concentrations in most of the edible parts of the gastropods suggested that the consumption of large amounts of most gastropods were not advisable. As for Cd levels, it was found that the byssus of Per. viridis and D. faba; and the digestive gland and mantle of Chi. capucinus were not safe for continuous consumption (for example: more than a week) since the levels would exceed the permissible limit. Besides, the continuous consumption of the byssus of Per. viridis and D. faba would also potentially cause Pb toxicity. The information on the metal distributions in the different parts obtained by using the cluster analysis is important to facilitate the biomonitoring of the marine environment, which based on the use of different tissues in the species of molluscs of Malaysi

Distribution of heavy metals concentrations in the different parts of the clam Polymesoda erosa: The potentials as a biomonitor.

The bivalve Polymesoda erosa were collected from Sepang Kecil River (Selangor), Parit Jawa (Batu Pahat) and Telok Mas (Malacca), located in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The soft tissues of the clams were dissected into five parts: muscle, foot, mantle, gill and remaining soft tissues. The shells and the pooled dissected tissues were determined for heavy metal concentrations. It was found that gill accumulated the highest Cu followed by remaining soft tissues and mantle for all the three sites. Meanwhile, shell was found to accumulate the non-essential metals like Cd, Pb and Ni. For Zn, highest concentrations were found in the mantle and gill. On the other hand, there were no clear pattern was observed in the accumulation of Fe for all the six tissues. Different levels of metals in the different soft tissues of P. erosa indicated that the metal regulation in those tissues are different due to differences in binding sites at the metallothionein. Therefore, P. erosa can be a potential biomonitor of heavy metal bioavailability and contamination, as recommended by the Mussel Watch Program

Bioaccumulation and distribution of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the different tissues of Chicoreus capucinus lamarck (Mollusca: Muricidae) collected from Sungai Janggut, Kuala Langat, Malaysia

Knowledge on accumulation and distribution of metals in the soft tissues may help us to understand the processes involved in the uptake and excretion of metals in the different parts of molluscs such as Chicoreus capucinus. Chicoreus capucinus was collected from intertidal areas of Sungai Janggut mudflat, Kuala Langat, Selangor and analysed for heavy metals content in the tissues. The capability of the different parts to accumulate heavy metal from the environment was measured by calculating their Biota-Sediment Accumulation Factor (BSAF) values. From this preliminary investigation, it was found that the highest concentrations of Cu were found in the caecum (194±24.4 µg/g dw), Cd in digestive gland (32.9±0.000 µg/g dw) and Fe in operculum (971±2.50 µg/g dw). For Ni and Pb, high concentrations in shell were observed and Zinc high levels in most of the tissues studied except shell and operculum. On the other hand, highest BSAF values were obtained in caecum for Cu (101.2), Zn (27.4) and Cd (53.1), while highest BSAF values were obtained in shell for Pb (32.6) and Ni (8.88). However, in general, most of the different parts of the gastropod could be suggested as macro concentrator organs, since the BSAF values were greater than 2. More studies should be conducted in the future to determine the potential of C. capucinus as biomonitor

Heavy metal distribution in the different parts of Cerithidea obtusa by using multivariate analysis

The intertidal gastropod, Cerithidea obtusa were obtained from Bako and Sematan (Sarawak) and Deralik (Perak) in February and December 2006. Besides the shells, the snails were dissected into six different soft tissues. The soft tissues and the shell were used for detection of heavy metals. It was found that the highest concentrations of Cu (112 - 178 ?g/g dw) and Zn (117 – 161 ?g/g dw) were found in the tentacle; the highest concentrations of Cd (4.41 - 5.37 µg/g dw), Pb (53.2 – 63.8 µg/g dw) and Ni (26.1 - 27.9 µg/g dw) were found in the shell. On the other hand, the highest Fe concentrations (910 - 2921 µg/g dw) were found in the operculum. The cluster analysis revealed that the accumulation of heavy metals were clustered into a few groups, where metals were found in the shell are significantly different from the other soft tissues. The multivariate statistical analyses revealed that the accumulation by the different parts were inter-related with one another. Based on the multiple linear stepwise regression analysis, it was also found that the caecum was the most influential organ in accumulation of the studied heavy metals in the total soft tissues. The results indicate the ability of C. obtusa to accumulate heavy metals in the different tissues, hence fulfilling the important criteria as a good biomonitor

Concentrations of heavy metals in different tissues of the bivalve Polymesoda erosa: its potentials as a biomonitor and food safety concern

Three populations of Polymesoda erosa collected from the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia were analyzed for heavy metals. Their soft tissues were dissected into muscle, foot, mantle, gill and remaining soft tissues (remainder). Overall metal concentrations (µg/g dry weight) in five soft tissues of the three clam populations were Cd (0.25-2.86), Cu (1.80- 21.0), Ni (0.66-30.0), Pb (0.94-7.09), and Zn (79.2-365), and these were Cd (3.64-7.07), Cu (2.37-3.29), Ni (26.2-30.0), Pb (58.8-61.6), and Zn (3.84-8.78) for the shell ranges. Among the three Polymesoda populations, gill was found to have accumulated higher Cu and Zn concentrations compared to other soft tissues, whereas shell was found to have high levels of non-essential Cd, Pb and Ni. Information on heavy metals obtained in this study could serve as baseline data for this particular species since the information is lacking in the literature. The present study has evidently shown that different soft tissues of P. erosa are potential biomonitoring for Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn, whereas the clam shell as a potential biomonitoring material for Pb based on: (1) positive results based on biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAF) (being macroconcentrators), (2) positive and significant correlations of metals between all five soft tissues (foot, gill, mantle, muscle and remainder) and the sedimentary geochemical fractions and total metal concentrations, and (3) comparisons to two similar burrowing bivalves (Donax faba and Gelonia expansa). Regardless of some metals in edible soft tissues having exceeded the food safety permissible limits, the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn in the soluble fractions (which is more bioavailable to consumers) of all the five edible soft tissues of P. erosa are below all the permissible metal limits. Therefore, these estimations clearly showed that the consumption of P. erosa could pose no toxicological risks to consumers

Heavy metal concentrations (CD, CU, NI, PB, FE AND ZN)in the different soft tissues and shells of pholas orientalis collected from Sekinchan and Pantai Remis, Selangor.

The clam, Pholas orientaliswere collected from the mudflats of Sekinchan and Pantai Remis, and their soft tissues were dissected into crystalline style, siphon, mantle and foot; while the shells were divided into three parts namely the umbo, smooth part (anterior of shell) and rough part (posterior of shell). Generally, the results show that: 1) All the different soft tissues accumulated higher concentrations of essential Cu, Zn and Fe when compared to those in the hard tissues; 2) On the other hand, the three hard tissues accumulated higher concentrations of nonessential Cd, Ni and Pb than those in the soft tissues. These results reflected a different binding affinity for the two different metal groups between the soft and the hard tissues; 3) The different levels of metals found within the four different tissues indicated that metal detoxification mechanism in the different organs are not similar in P. orientalis. The ecological distribution and metal distribution in the different tissues of P. orientaliscan serve as a baseline for future reference

Determination of Heavy Metal Distributions in the Green-Lipped Mussel Perna viridis as Bioindicators of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Johore Straits and Senggarang, Peninsular Malaysia.

In this study, the patterns of the distributions and redistributions of heavy metals in the different soft tissues of Perna viridis were determined. Crystalline style and muscle were found to be sensitive organs to pollution as evidenced by total disturbances in the patterns of metal occurrences. The present findings confirmed the use of different soft tissues as an effective way of monitoring the status of metal pollution in tropical coastal waters. Therefore, the distribution of metals in different parts of P. viridis is proposed as a good indicator of metal pollution in tropical coastal waters