Particle Mediated Quantum Effects

We analyze an experiment that consists of two statistically independent laser beams that cross, separate and end at detectors. At the beam intersection there is a thin wire at the center of a presumed dark interference fringe. Since photon count at end detectors is similar with or without the wire in place, wave visibility is maximum V=1. With the wire at the center of a dark fringe, classical wire diffraction is insignificant; thus, photons maintain their direction, which implies that there is a high level of particle which-way information, K=1. Since K^2+V^2=2, it appears that the complementarity inequality, K^2+V^2 smaller or equal 1, is violated. We find that there is no violation provided that virtual particles are included in the analysis of the complementarity inequality. We propose that virtual particles are a key component of the mechanism that explains how quantum effects work.Comment: References have been update

Modified Afshar Experiment: Calculations

The Afshar experiment is a relatively simple two-slit experiment with results that appear to show a discrepancy with the predictions of Bohr's Principle of Complementarity. We report on the results of a calculation using a simpler but equivalent set-up called the modified Afshar experiment. Numerical results are in agreement with the experimental results performed on the Afshar experiment set-up. Calculations show that the level of which-way information and visibility in the Afshar experiement is higher than originally estimated.Comment: Typos have been corrected. Two sections added: visibility and which-way information. Conclusions section revised. Reference [4] has been change

Reply to Comments of Steuernagel on the Afshar's Experiment

We respond to criticism of our paper "Paradox in Wave-Paricle Duality for Non-Perturbative Measurements". We disagree with Steuernagel's derivation of the visibility of the Afshar experiment. To calculate the fringe visibility, Steuernagel utilizes two different experimental situations, i.e. the wire grid in the pattern minima and in the pattern maxima. In our assessment, this proceduere cannot lead to the correct result for the complementarity properties of wave-particle in one particular experimental set-up

A systematic study of the low energy effects of heavy particles in the standard model

In this approach, at any loop order, the low energy effects of a heavy Higgs boson and a heavy fermion can be summarized by an effective lagrangian. To the one-loop order, an effective lagrangian for the bosonic sector of the theory is constructed. One fermion mass is light (m) and the other is heavy (M). At the one-loop level heavy fermion mass effects proportional to M2and ln(M/m) have been found. It is shown here that in the presence of gauge fields, the infinites 1/[epsilon] of the nonlinear [sigma]-model do not fully reproduce the ln(MH) of the linear [sigma]-model.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/27690/1/0000074.pd

Lead toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The effect of Pb on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell structure and function was examined. Membrane integrity was assessed by the release of UV-absorbing compounds and by the intracellular K+ efflux. No leakage of UV260-absorbing compounds or loss of K+ were observed in Pb (until 1,000 μmol/l) treated cells up to 30 min; these results suggest that plasma membrane seems not to be the immediate and primary target of Pb toxicity. The effect of Pb on yeast metabolism was examined using the fluorescent probe FUN-1 and compared with the ability to reproduce, evaluated by colony-forming units counting. The exposition of yeast cells, during 60 min to 1,000 μmol/l Pb, induces a decrease in the ability to process FUN-1 although the cells retain its proliferation capacity. A more prolonged contact time (120 min) of yeast cells with Pb induces a marked (> 50%) loss of yeast cells metabolic activity and replication competence through a mechanism which most likely requires protein synthesis