Avaliação das qualidades das águas superficiais em área de mineração de cassiterita em processo de reabilitação ambiental, na Floresta Nacional do Jamari, Rondônia

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso, apresentado para obtenção do grau de Engenheiro Ambiental no curso de Engenharia Ambiental da Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, UNESC.O presente estudo buscou avaliar a qualidade das águas superficiais em área de mineração de cassiterita em processo de reabilitação ambiental, no interior da Floresta Nacional do Jamari, no estado de Rondônia. A área de estudo selecionada está sendo reabilitada há três anos, porém nunca foi realizado o monitoramento dos recursos hídricos. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi o de realizar uma análise comparativa de uma campanha amostral em águas superficiais com a legislação vigente (Resolução CONAMA 357/05 e Portaria 2914/2011 do Ministério da Saúde). Verificou-se também a evolução do processo de reabilitação através da análise de imagens de satélites e mapas sobre a área de estudo, a fim de subsidiar a proposição de um plano de monitoramento dos recursos hídricos superficiais e de pluviometria. A campanha amostral considerou quatro pontos e foram selecionados os seguintes indicadores da qualidade da água: acidez, alcalinidade total, cloreto total, cobalto total, coliformes termotolerantes, condutividade elétrica, cor verdadeira, cromo total, dureza total, estanho, ferro dissolvido, ferro total, fluoreto total, fosfato, oxigênio dissolvido, pH, sólidos dissolvidos, sólidos em suspensão, sólidos sedimentáveis, sulfato total e turbidez. Os dados pluviométricos se mostraram dentro da normalidade para o clima do estado, com alta pluviometria entre os meses de Outubro a Abril e um período de maior estiagem entre Maio e Setembro. Não foi possível determinar quando a mineração a céu aberto ocorreu, apenas supõe-se que tenha ocorrido com maior intensidade na década de 50 a 60, baseado nas imagens do software Google Earth, que demonstraram pouca variação da área minerada entre os anos de 1969 e 2010. O resultado analítico do ponto de amostragem utilizado demonstrou que a água do igarapé pode ser utilizada para vários fins, como, por exemplo, irrigação, aquicultura, pesca, recreação e outros. Com as referências bibliográficas consultadas e o conhecimento adquirido durante a realização da campanha amostral, foi possível propor um plano de monitoramento dos recursos hídricos superficiais e de pluviometria, indicando pontos de amostragem, indicadores ambientais e frequência de amostragem

Participatory Mapping for Strengthening Environmental Governance on Socio-Ecological Impacts of Infrastructure in the Amazon: Lessons to Improve Tools and Strategies

The Amazon region has been viewed as a source of economic growth based on extractive industry and large-scale infrastructure development endeavors, such as roads, dams, oil and gas pipelines and mining. International and national policies advocating for the development of the Amazon often conflict with the environmental sector tasked with conserving its unique ecosystems and peoples through a sustainable development agenda. New practices of environmental governance can help mitigate adverse socio-economic and ecological effects. For example, forming a “community of practice and learning” (CoP-L) is an approach for improving governance via collaboration and knowledge exchange. The Governance and Infrastructure in the Amazon (GIA) project, in which this study is embedded, has proposed that fostering a CoP-L on tools and strategies to improve infrastructure governance can serve as a mechanism to promote learning and action on factors related to governance effectiveness. A particular tool used by the GIA project for generating and sharing knowledge has been participatory mapping (Pmap). This study analyzes Pmap exercises conducted through workshops in four different Amazonian regions. The goal of Pmap was to capture different perspectives from stakeholders based on their experiences and interests to visualize and reflect on (1) areas of value, (2) areas of concern and (3) recommended actions related to reducing impacts of infrastructure development and improvement of governance processes. We used a mixed-methods approach to explore textual analysis, regional multi-iteration discussion with stakeholders, participatory mapping and integration with ancillary geospatial datasets. We believe that by sharing local-knowledge-driven data and strengthening multi-actor dialogue and collaboration, this novel approach can improve day to day practices of CoP-L members and, therefore, the transparency of infrastructure planning and good governance

Participatory Mapping for Strengthening Environmental Governance on Socio-Ecological Impacts of Infrastructure in the Amazon: Lessons to Improve Tools and Strategies

The Amazon region has been viewed as a source of economic growth based on extractive industry and large-scale infrastructure development endeavors, such as roads, dams, oil and gas pipelines and mining. International and national policies advocating for the development of the Amazon often conflict with the environmental sector tasked with conserving its unique ecosystems and peoples through a sustainable development agenda. New practices of environmental governance can help mitigate adverse socio-economic and ecological effects. For example, forming a “community of practice and learning” (CoP-L) is an approach for improving governance via collaboration and knowledge exchange. The Governance and Infrastructure in the Amazon (GIA) project, in which this study is embedded, has proposed that fostering a CoP-L on tools and strategies to improve infrastructure governance can serve as a mechanism to promote learning and action on factors related to governance effectiveness. A particular tool used by the GIA project for generating and sharing knowledge has been participatory mapping (Pmap). This study analyzes Pmap exercises conducted through workshops in four different Amazonian regions. The goal of Pmap was to capture different perspectives from stakeholders based on their experiences and interests to visualize and reflect on (1) areas of value, (2) areas of concern and (3) recommended actions related to reducing impacts of infrastructure development and improvement of governance processes. We used a mixed-methods approach to explore textual analysis, regional multi-iteration discussion with stakeholders, participatory mapping and integration with ancillary geospatial datasets. We believe that by sharing local-knowledge-driven data and strengthening multi-actor dialogue and collaboration, this novel approach can improve day to day practices of CoP-L members and, therefore, the transparency of infrastructure planning and good governance