Physiological performance of wheat seeds treated with micronutrients and protection products during storage

<div><p>Abstract: Seeds with high quality are one of the important factors to consider in the crops establishment on field. Therefore, the physical and physiological quality of wheat seeds treated with mixes of micronutrients including zinc and protective products were aimed. The wheat seeds were analyzed in a factorial scheme 5x3x4, with five storage time: 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 days; three micronutrients: micronutrients 1 (1% Mn; 0.1% Mo; 10% Zn); micronutrients 2 (0.3% B; 0.3% Co; 3% Zn) and no micronutrients, and four protective products: untreated seeds, polymer (Colorseed He), fungicide carboxin + thiram (Vitavax® Thiram 200 SC) + insecticide thiamethoxam (Cruiser® 350 FS) and polymer + fungicide + insecticide. After treatment, the seeds were stored under uncontrolled conditions for 240 days and at intervals of 60 days, the germination, accelerated aging and moisture content were determined. Wheat seeds untreated and treated with polymer have the best physiological performance during storage, regardless micronutrients treatments. The wheat seeds treated with carboxin + thiram + thiamethoxam and polymer + carboxin + thiram + thiamethoxam can be storage up to 120 days, under uncontrolled conditions, regardless micronutrients treatments. The seed treatment does not alter the moisture content of wheat seeds.</p></div

Aluminum species and activity in sandy soil solution with pig slurry addition

<div><p>Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of pig slurry applications on the exchangeable Al content, activity, and distribution of Al chemical species in the soil solution. Soil samples of a Typic Hapludalf were obtained from an experiment conducted during eight years, with 19 applications of 0, 20, 40, and 80 m3 ha-1 pig slurry. The soil samples were collected in stratified layers to determine exchangeable Al content and to extract the soil solution by the saturated soil paste method. The concentrations of the main cations and anions, dissolved organic carbon, and pH in the soil solution were determined. The distribution of the chemical species of Al and the activity of the Al3+ species were obtained through the Visual Minteq software. The application of pig slurry does not change the exchangeable Al content in the soil and the Al3+ activity in the soil solution. The low Al3+ activity in the topsoil layers does not present risk of toxicity for most crops. Pig slurry applications increase the proportion of the AlHPO4 + and AlSO4 + species in the soil solution, by increasing the concentration of soluble inorganic ligands.</p></div