Effects of simvastatin on the production of polysaccharides, proteins and biomass of <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> biofilm.

<p>EPSI- insoluble extracellular polysaccharide. IPS- intracellular polysaccharide. The values of polysaccharides and proteins were normalized by dry weight. Significant differences between the treatment and the control group when:</p><p>*p < 0.05 (Kruskal-Wallis).</p><p>Effects of simvastatin on the production of polysaccharides, proteins and biomass of <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> biofilm.</p

FICI values for association between simvastatin and vancomycin.

<p>FICI values for association between simvastatin and vancomycin.</p

A. Mean and standard deviation of optical densities (575 nm) representing the biofilm formation of <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> 29213 in the presence of simvastatin and vancomycin.

<p>Different letters represent significant differences; comparisons were made for each dilution, the control group and each concentration of simvastatin and vancomycin. B. Images obtained by SEM showing biofilm formation of <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> 29213 in the presence of simvastatin. The 4xMIC, 2xMIC and MIC concentrations are in column 1 (top to bottom). The ½xMIC concentration, vehicle group (DMSO) and control group are in column 2 (top to bottom). (p<0.05, two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni).</p

A. Effect of simvastatin and vancomycin on cell viability during 12 h exposure, concentration equivalent to 4xMIC.

<p>B. Effect of simvastatin and vancomycin on cell viability during 12 h exposure, concentration equivalent to MIC. Comparisons were made among the different times of exposure and the time 0, before exposure to the substances (control). C. Post-antibiotic effect (PAE) of simvastatin and vancomycin. PAE were compared at each concentration between the substances. (*p<0.05; ANOVA-Bonferroni).</p

Mean and standard deviation of optical densities (575 nm) representing the biofilm formation of MSSA (HC 12092392) and MRSA (HC 3817719) in the presence of simvastatin and vancomycin.

<p>Different letters represent significant differences; comparisons were made for each dilution, the control group and each concentration of simvastatin and vancomycin. (p<0.05, two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni).</p

Median and 5–95 percentiles of CFU/mL representing the cell viability of <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> 29213 biofilm after exposure to simvastatin and vancomycin for 24 h.

<p>Significant differences between the treatment and the control group when **p < 0.01 (Kruskal-Wallis—Dunn).</p