Flow chart of women attending antenatal care clinic at Kilifi County Hospital invited to participate in the study, June- September 2015

<p>Flow chart of women attending antenatal care clinic at Kilifi County Hospital invited to participate in the study, June- September 2015</p

Socio-demographic, hygienic, and behavioral characteristics of 202 women attending antenatal care and tested for sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis in Kilifi County Hospital, Kenya, July-September 2015.

<p>Socio-demographic, hygienic, and behavioral characteristics of 202 women attending antenatal care and tested for sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis in Kilifi County Hospital, Kenya, July-September 2015.</p

Bivariable and multivariable analysis of socio-demographic, hygienic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics of pregnant women with curable sexually transmitted infections attending antenatal clinic at Kilifi County Hospital, July—September 2015 (n = 202).

<p>Bivariable and multivariable analysis of socio-demographic, hygienic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics of pregnant women with curable sexually transmitted infections attending antenatal clinic at Kilifi County Hospital, July—September 2015 (n = 202).</p

Training and supervision needs identified by study participants.

<p>Training and supervision needs identified by study participants.</p

Basic characteristics of invited and enrolled clients.

<p>Basic characteristics of invited and enrolled clients.</p

Main advantages and disadvantages of HIV self-testing cited at the pre-test interview, N = 174.

<p>Main advantages and disadvantages of HIV self-testing cited at the pre-test interview, N = 174.</p

Additional suggestions and concerns regarding pharmacy HIV self-testing.

<p>Additional suggestions and concerns regarding pharmacy HIV self-testing.</p

Previous self-testing experience and HIV test history among enrolled clients, N = 174.

<p>Previous self-testing experience and HIV test history among enrolled clients, N = 174.</p

Effect of Text Message, Phone Call, and In-Person Appointment Reminders on Uptake of Repeat HIV Testing among Outpatients Screened for Acute HIV Infection in Kenya: A Randomized Controlled Trial

<div><p>Background</p><p>Following HIV-1 acquisition, many individuals develop an acute retroviral syndrome and a majority seek care. Available antibody testing cannot detect an acute HIV infection, but repeat testing after 2–4 weeks may detect seroconversion. We assessed the effect of appointment reminders on attendance for repeat HIV testing.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We enrolled, in a randomized controlled trial, 18–29 year old patients evaluated for acute HIV infection at five sites in Coastal Kenya (ClinicalTrials.gov <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01876199" target="_blank">NCT01876199</a>). Participants were allocated 1:1 to either standard appointment (a dated appointment card) or enhanced appointment (a dated appointment card plus SMS and phone call reminders, or in-person reminders for participants without a phone). The primary outcome was visit attendance, i.e., the proportion of participants attending the repeat test visit. Factors associated with attendance were examined by bivariable and multivariable logistic regression.</p><p>Principal Findings</p><p>Between April and July 2013, 410 participants were randomized. Attendance was 41% (85/207) for the standard group and 59% (117/199) for the enhanced group, for a relative risk of 1.4 [95% Confidence Interval, CI, 1.2–1.7].Higher attendance was independently associated with older age, study site, and report of transactional sex in past month. Lower attendance was associated with reporting multiple partners in the past two months.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Appointment reminders through SMS, phone calls and in-person reminders increased the uptake of repeat HIV test by forty percent. This low-cost intervention could facilitate detection of acute HIV infections and uptake of recommended repeat testing.</p><p>Trial Registration</p><p>Clinicaltrials.gov <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01876199" target="_blank">NCT01876199</a></p></div

Comparison of characteristics in 139 women in Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview (ACASI) and Face-to-Face (FtF) interview, at cohort enrolment, Kenya, 2008.

<p>IQR inter quartile range.</p>1<p>Spearman or kappa statistic.</p>2<p>Included those active in past week: 126 women in ACASI; 125 women in FtF.</p>3<p>Included those not active in past week: 13 women in ACASI; 14 in FtF.</p>4<p>Variable missing for 30 women who completed the study before this question added.</p>5<p>Missing values in 1 woman.</p