Security of differential phase shift quantum key distribution against individual attacks

We derive a proof of security for the Differential Phase Shift Quantum Key Distribution (DPSQKD) protocol under the assumption that Eve is restricted to individual attacks. The security proof is derived by bounding the average collision probability, which leads directly to a bound on Eve's mutual information on the final key. The security proof applies to realistic sources based on pulsed coherent light. We then compare individual attacks to sequential attacks and show that individual attacks are more powerful

Direct observation of non-classical photon statistics in parametric downconversion

We employ a high quantum efficiency photon number counter to determine the photon number distribution of the output field from a parametric downconverter. The raw photocount data directly demonstrates that the source is nonclassical by forty standard deviations, and correcting for the quantum efficiency yields a direct observation of oscillations in the photon number distribution

Highly nonclassical photon statistics in parametric down conversion

We use photon counters to obtain the joint photon counting statistics from twin-beam non-degenerate parametric down conversion, and we demonstrate directly, and with no auxiliary assumptions, that these twin beams are nonclassical

Aktor Faktor dalam Implementasi Kebijakan Pengadaan dan Penyaluran Pupuk Bersubsidi (Sub Sektor Tanaman Pangan Anggaran 2014 di Kecamatan Rumbio Jaya Kabupaten Kampar)

Implementation of autonomy development , the regions have the freedom to organize and take care of their own interests that are locality for the implementation of social welfare , Indonesia is an agricultural country that largely livelihoods of farmers . Resources in the District Farmers Rumbio Jaya especially peasant farmers who sought paddy field crops and Horticulture Field starts from hatchery , nursery , and pests which covers the cultivation of crops .This study aims to analyze the process of implementation and the role of actors in the implementation of procurement policies and distribution of subsidized fertilizer in District Rumbio Jaya . The author uses descriptive research method with qualitative approach . While data collection techniques through observation , interview , and documentation . Source of data in this study come from informants in the work environment Riau Provincial Agriculture Office , Agriculture Office Kampar District , District Rumbio Jaya and PT . Riau and Riau Islands PIM , and also informant farmers from Simpang Petai and length ofBased on the research results , we concluded that the problem is caused by the scarcity of fertilizers in addition to natural factors such as availability of raw materials , natural disasters , as well as Farmers have not been fully understood in charging Definitive Plan Needs Farmers Group ( RDKK ) . In terms of implementation , the process of procurement and distribution of subsidized fertilizer has gone well according to the provisions , but the problems that arise in the field is just the technical stuff implementation of the policy . This was due to the cooperation between actors ( farmers , retailers , distributors , manufacturers , and government ) have not been goingPolicy recommendations to the writer suggested , among others, in determining the allocation of central government subsidized fertilizer should consider the proposal made by the needs of farmers and local governments , the need for certainty the type and amount of subsidized fertilizer in the sales package , to consider again the actors involved in the fertilizer distribution network bersubisdi , as well as the necessary improvements in the determination of the person in charge of zoning procurement and distribution of subsidized fertilizer .Keywords : Implementation of policies , subsidized fertilizer , procurement and distributio

MR/GR Signaling in the Brain during the Stress Response

This contribution is about mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) in their capacity as mediators of glucocorticoid action in the brain. This paradox has evolved because MRs are promiscuous and bind with high-affinity cortisol and corticosterone as well as aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone, and progesterone. The MRs “see,” however, predominantly glucocorticoids, because of their 100–1000-fold excess over aldosterone; bioavailability is further enhanced because of local regeneration of glucocorticoids by 11βOH-steroid dehydrogenase (HSD-1). In contrast to these glucocorticoid-preferring MR, the evolutionary later appearance of aldosterone-selective MR in epithelial cells depends on co-localization with the oxidase 11β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD-2) in a few hundred neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), which innervate frontal brain regions to regulate cognitive, emotional, and motivational aspects of salt appetite. The glucocorticoid-MRs and classical glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) mediate in a complementary manner the glucocorticoid coordination of circadian events and mediate the regulation of stress coping and adaptation. If an individual is exposed to a threat, MRs are crucial for the selection of a particular coping style, which is via GR activation subsequently stored in the memory for future use. Our contribution is concluded with the notion that an imbalance in MR- and GR-mediated actions increases susceptibility to stress-related disorders