Desenvolvimento inicial de variedades de cana-de-açúcar em Latossolo submetidas a níveis de compactação do solo

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial de três variedades de cana-de-açúcar (RB002504, RB867515 e RB931011) em cinco níveis de densidade do solo (1,0; 1,2; 1,4; 1,6 e 1,8 Mg m-3). O trabalho foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação, na Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário de Rondonópolis, com delineamento de blocos casualizados composto de esquema fatorial 3 x 5 correspondente a 3 variedades e 5 níveis de compactação e quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as variáveis: número de perfilhos, número de folhas, área foliar, massa seca das folhas, comprimento de colmos, massa seca de colmos e altura de planta. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste F para comparação das médias, ao teste de Tukey a 0,05 de probabilidade para as variedades e regressão polinominal para densidades. Conclui-se que a variedade RB002504 apresenta bom perfilhamento, mas não apresenta bom desenvolvimento de colmos. A variedade RB867515 apresenta bom desenvolvimento de área foliar mostrando boa adaptação ao solo estudado e a variedade RB931011 se destaca na parte aérea e no desenvolvimento de colmos

Soil water content and wood ash fertilization on the cultivation of gladiolus

ABSTRACT Irrigation management, associated with the management of fertilization through the use of waste from plant material burning, has proven to be a sustainable strategy to increase the production of ornamental plants in greenhouses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of gladiolus subjected to soil water contents and wood ash fertilization in a Cerrado Oxisol. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions from April to September 2014, in a randomized block design, arranged in a 5 x 5 factorial, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of five water contents (7, 14, 21, 28, and 35%) and five doses of wood ash (0, 8, 16, 24 and 32 g dm-3). Irrigation management was carried out using the portable probe Diviner 2000® . The evaluated variables were: plant height, number of leaves, shoot and root dry matter and diameter and mass of corms. The best results for diameter and mass of corms and number of leaves were obtained with combinations of soil water contents higher than 24% and fertilization with wood ash doses higher than 11 g dm-3

Bulk density and water tensions in the soil on corn root production

ABSTRACT Inadequate management of soil and water can cause changes in soil physical characteristics, resulting in lower root development. Thus the objective of the present study was to evaluate the dry matter production of corn roots under combinations of levels of bulk density and water tension in the soil. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a randomized block design, based on a modified central composite design of a 52 fractional factorial scheme, of combinations of bulk densities (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 Mg m-3) and water tensions in the soil (10, 20, 30 40 and 50 kPa), resulting in 13 treatments with four replicates. An Oxisol collected in the layer of 0-0.2 m was used. The pots were made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) tube with compacted soil in the middle layer. The tensiometers were installed at a depth of 0.15 m, remaining in the central region of the compacted layer. The experiment was collected 104 days after sowing. Root dry matter production of corn was limited by increased water stress and bulk density

Desenvolvimento inicial de trigo sob doses de nitrogênio em Latossolo Vermelho de Cerrado Initial development of wheat under different nitrogen levels in an Oxisol of the 'Cerrado'

As condições de solo, clima, topografia e variedades adaptadas, têm favorecido o cultivo de trigo no Cerrado; contudo, no que concerne à adubação nitrogenada, ela é responsável pelo incremento de produção. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial e a produção de massa seca de plantas de trigo cv. Guamirim adubado com nitrogênio em Latossolo Vermelho do Cerrado. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação da Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso - Campus Universitário de Rondonópolis, em vasos com capacidade para 5 dm³. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com seis doses de nitrogênio (0, 80, 160, 240, 320 e 400 mg dm-3), cinco repetições e cinco plantas por vaso. Os períodos de avaliações foram: 26, 33, 40 e 47 dias após a emergência, determinou-se: número de folhas e perfilhos, altura de planta, massa seca da parte aérea e raízes. A adubação nitrogenada influencia o desenvolvimento das plantas de trigo em todos os períodos avaliados. As melhores respostas do trigo à adubação nitrogenada ocorrem nas doses entre 80 a 195,6 mg dm-3.The soil conditions, climate, topography and adapted varieties have favored the cultivation of wheat in the 'Cerrado'. However, regarding the nitrogen fertilization, it is considered the main factor for increasing production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial development and dry mass production of wheat plants cv. Guamirim fertilized with nitrogen in the 'Cerrado' Oxisol. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the University of Mato Grosso - Campus of Rondonópolis, in recipients of 5 dm³. The experimental design was completely randomized with six levels of nitrogen (0, 80, 160, 240, 320 and 400 mg dm-3), five replications with five plants per pot. The evaluation periods were: 26, 33, 40 and 47 days after emergence, where the number of leaves and tillers, plant height, dry mass of shoots and roots were determined. Nitrogen fertilization affected the wheat plant development for all evaluated periods. The best responses of wheat to nitrogen fertilization occurred at doses ranging from 80 to 195.6 mg dm-3

Silicon fertilization and soil water tensions on rice development and yield

ABSTRACT The cultivation of upland rice (Oryza sativa) in Brazil occurs mainly in the Cerrado, a region with adverse weather conditions. The use of silicon in its cultivation becomes important, since this nutrient provides higher rigidity, lower transpiration and higher resistance to dry spells in rice plants. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of silicon fertilization and soil water tensions on upland rice development and yield in a Cerrado Oxisol. A 5 x 5 fractionated factorial with five soil water tensions (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kPa) and five silicon doses (0, 120, 240, 480 and 960 mg dm-3) was used, which were distributed in a randomized block design, with four replicates. Plant height, number of tillers, number of panicles, number of grains per panicle, numbers of full and empty grains and percentage of empty grains were evaluated. Silicon fertilization promotes increased tillering in rice plants at the dose of 960 mg dm-3. The numbers of tillers and panicles decreased with the application of silicon up to the doses of 460 and 490 mg dm-3, respectively. The increase in soil water tensions reduced plant height and the number of full grains, and increased the percentage of empty grains of upland rice